句子分析
英文原句
Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
難點解析
本句難點在于大量的專有名詞以及考生們比較陌生的詞組用法，如：“a fairly complete cover of”“while higher up”。而且，“consists of…”的特殊用法也容易影響理解句意。
在句子分析的過程中，可以通過引導(dǎo)詞while(通常作為對比關(guān)系連接詞)，以及“immediately adjacent to…”和“higher up…”方位對比，將句子結(jié)構(gòu)梳理開。然后，可拆出由“until”引導(dǎo)的“there is…”條件狀語從句。
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子句類型 并列句
連 接 詞 無邏輯連接詞
子句內(nèi)容 Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses.
語法分析 Immediately adjacent to the timberline, [狀語] the tundra [主語] consists of [謂語] a fairly complete cover [賓語] of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses. [定語]
子句翻譯 苔原緊挨著樹帶界線，其中長滿了低矮灌木，草本植物和草。
子句類型 狀語從句
連 接 詞 until
子句內(nèi)容 There is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
語法分析 There [表語] is [系動詞] much bare ground [主語] with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants. [定語]
子句翻譯 存在幾乎光禿的土地，上面偶爾會長有苔蘚、地衣和匍匐狀墊狀植物。
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子句類型 并列句
連 接 詞 while
子句內(nèi)容 Higher up the number and diversity of species decrease.
語法分析 Higher up [狀語] the number [主語] and [連接詞] diversity [主語] of species [定語] decrease. [謂語]
子句翻譯 物種的數(shù)量和多樣性會隨著(海拔)的升高而下降。
全句翻譯 苔原緊挨著樹帶界線，其中長滿了低矮灌木，草本植物和草;物種的數(shù)量和多樣性會隨著(海拔)的升高而下降，直到剩下幾乎光禿的土地，上面偶爾會長有苔蘚、地衣和匍匐狀墊狀植物。
單詞記憶
Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
lichen n. 地衣 moss n. 苔蘚 shrub n. 矮灌木 timberline n. 樹帶界限 herb n. 草 adjacent adj. 臨近的 low-lying adj. 低的 prostrate adj. 伏地的 cushion n. 墊子 tundra n. 苔?
