前車之鑒
任何一個句子，尤其是書面語的句子，首先要做到合乎語法規(guī)范，如主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整、主謂一致、正確的時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。今天我們就把句子中最常見的語法錯誤羅列出來，供大家參考借鑒。
1. a series of debates between the two lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend.
主謂不一致的錯誤在寫作中十分常見，尤其是當(dāng)主語離謂語較遠(yuǎn)的時候。本句中的主語是series而不是debates或lectures，因此謂語應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式，也就是要把were改為was.
2. there are many students play football on the sports ground.
本句中的錯誤是句式雜糅，也就是所謂的run?on句。兩個句子糅合在一起，沒有標(biāo)點符號隔開或用錯誤的標(biāo)點符號隔開被稱為run?on句。改正的方法 有四種：1)變成兩個獨立的分句。那么此句就可以改為：there are many students on the sports ground. they are playing football. 2)通過使用分號和連詞變?yōu)椴⒘芯?。此句可改為：there are many students on the sports ground; they are playing football.或there are many students on the sports ground and they are playing football.3)將其中的一部分改為充當(dāng)修飾成分的短語。比如這句話可以改為：there are many students playing football on the sports ground. 4)通過使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞if， when， who等將其中一個句子改為從句。那么此句可以改為：there are many students who are playing football on the sports ground.每一個句子都可以用不同的方式來表述，我們在寫作時可以根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的需要選擇最佳的句式。 蘇州易優(yōu)語文培訓(xùn)，中小學(xué)閱讀寫作同步提升 http://www.zequeka.cn/miniform.html
barking dogs don't bite.吠狗不咬人。
3. there is a teacher i shall always remember. because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.
此處的錯誤是由于連詞和標(biāo)點使用不當(dāng)而造成片語(fragment)，也就是完整句子的一部分，它不能完整的表達(dá)句義。最常見的片語多數(shù)是由從屬連詞開頭的，改正的方法就是將它跟主句合并。因此，這句話應(yīng)該改為：there is a teacher i shall always remember because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.
4. it is important to exercise because everybody seems to watch you if you fat and out of shape.
此句的錯誤是缺少句子成分。英語中的形容詞必須和系動詞一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)才能作謂語。因此，本句可以改為：it is important to exercise， because everybody seems to watch you if you are fat and out of shape.
5. this great loss had kill mrs. white， but actually this free her from her husband.
“易優(yōu)閱讀寶”，中小學(xué)生語文題庫，語文成績提升就是快。
時態(tài)不一致。時態(tài)是英語中的難點之一，當(dāng)用某一種時態(tài)的時候，我們感覺還不是特別難，但當(dāng)兩種或兩種以上的時態(tài)混合使用的時候或許就會出現(xiàn)問題了。本句可改為：this great loss had killed mrs. white， but actually this freed her from her husband.
what is done by night appears by day.若要人不知，除非已莫為。
6. I did not know what was happened in the classroom.
此處的錯誤是不及物動詞的錯誤使用。漢語中的動詞沒有及物和不及物之分，因而中國的學(xué)生常常忽略這個問題。請大家注意不及物動詞不能直接跟賓語，也沒有被動語態(tài)。這句話應(yīng)改為：i did not know what had happened in the classroom.
7. while celebrate their 20th anniversary in the restaurant， the wine glass broke and damaged mr. white“s finger.
這個句子中的問題出在分詞作狀語上。正確使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語能使句子結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化，但也不可以濫用。如果用錯了的話，還不如不用。此句可以改為：while mr. white celebrating their 20th anniversary in the restaurant， the wine glass broke and damaged his finger.或when mr. white celebrated their 20th anniversary in the restaurant， the wine glass broke and damaged his finger. 蘇州吳中區(qū)小學(xué)生作文培訓(xùn)，就來易優(yōu)悅讀
8. the average life span in the 1980“s was much longer than 1880”s.
比較對象不一致。在使用形容詞和副詞的比較級時我們往往容易受漢語的影響，忽略比較對象應(yīng)該一致的問題。此句應(yīng)改為：the average life span in the 1980“s was much longer than that in the 1880”s.
9. writing a essay is difficult for students who english is a second language.
這個句子中有兩處錯誤。一個是不定冠詞使用不當(dāng)，元音因素前應(yīng)該使用an而不是a.這不是一個難點，但考試中經(jīng)常會有馬虎的考生犯這類小錯誤。二是定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞使用錯誤，應(yīng)該把who改為whose.
10. the man had reproached by his daughter who was angry that he had deserted her mother for twenty years.
被動語態(tài)使用錯誤。請大家一定記住被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：be動詞加上動詞的過去分詞，而其時態(tài)的變化是由be動詞來體現(xiàn)的。在這個句子中，應(yīng)把had改為was. 蘇州吳中區(qū)小學(xué)生作文培訓(xùn)，就來易優(yōu)悅讀
11. in my opinion think the company should pay for the victim's injuries.
此句是典型的中國式英語。有許多人寫作時受漢語的影響太多，甚至習(xí)慣對照每個字把漢語生硬地翻譯成英語。這樣就會造成一些滑稽的錯誤。最典型的莫過于good good study， day day up了。此句中think一詞是多余的，去掉就可以了。
12. when i was in university， my psychology class had more than 500 students， often forcing me to sit on the floor.
在漢語中有既可以表示存在，也可以表示擁有。但在英語中，卻需要用不同的方式來表達(dá)。表示存在時應(yīng)該用there be句型，而表示擁有時則需要用have/has.when i was in university， there were more than 500 students in my psychology class， often forcing me to sit on the floor.
13. i enjoy reading forecasts of the future， but you wonder which will turn out to be correct. 易優(yōu)語文培訓(xùn)，蘇州閱讀寫作同步提升 http://www.zequeka.cn/miniform.html
人稱不一致。在一句或一段話中，如果人稱不一致會讓讀者感覺不知所云。在這個句子中，我們只需要將you改為i就可以了。
it's never too late to mend.
改過不嫌晚。
14. i told my friends that i was going to major in geology， which annoyed my parents.
這個句子是歧義句。它既可以理解為我告訴朋友讓父母不高興，也可以理解為我選擇了地質(zhì)學(xué)讓父母生氣。這句話可以改為：i told my friends that i was going to major in geology，and my parents were annoyed by my choice.
15. if your english is not good， your going to have trouble with all the subject.
這句話中有三處顯然是由于馬虎造成的錯誤。1)人稱代詞your不可以做主語應(yīng)改為you.2)表示將來的be going to結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，應(yīng)在going前加上are.3)subject是可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式subjects.可別小看了這些小錯誤，記住小石頭也能絆倒人! 易優(yōu)語文培訓(xùn)，（TEL:181-181-5-9898）,蘇州中小學(xué)生閱讀寫作同步提升
16. the judge ordered that the suspect was detained immediately.
沒有正確使用虛擬語氣。在order，suggest等表示命令和建議的動詞的賓語從句中應(yīng)該使用should加動詞原型，should可以省略。這句話應(yīng)改為：the judge ordered that the suspect (should) be detained immediately.
17. not only i wrote him a letter， but i also phoned him twice.
特殊句型使用錯誤。在英語中有許多特殊句型，我們必須熟記它們的意思和使用形式。常常會出錯的有：the more…the more…， not only…but also…， too…to…， used to do， be used to doing， would rather…than…， so…that…，…so that…， had better等。not only…but also…結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來連接兩個并列的成分，并有加強語氣的作用。這句話應(yīng)改為：i not only wrote him a letter， but also phoned him twice.此外，not only放于句首時需用倒裝句型，所以也可改為not only did i write him a letter， but also phoned him twice. 蘇州易優(yōu)語文培訓(xùn)，中小學(xué)閱讀寫作同步提升 http://www.zequeka.cn/miniform.html
18. computer technology helps us do many things， but it also prevents us to do many others.
詞語搭配錯誤。英語中的動詞后接賓語或賓補時，常有固定的搭配，大家要注意積累。此句應(yīng)改為：computer technology helps us do many things， but it also prevents us from doing many others.
19. never he will forget the terrible traffic accident.
未使用倒裝語序。如果句子以：not only， never， hardly， no sooner， only等開頭，則句子應(yīng)使用倒裝語序。此句應(yīng)改為：never will he forget the terrible traffic accident.
20. because she does not have any friend in paris， so she feels very lonely.
由于受漢語影響，許多同學(xué)在作文中使用：because…so…和although…but…兩個錯誤結(jié)構(gòu)。改正的方法就選擇because和so中的任意一個，或although和but中的任意一個。此句可以改為：because she does not have any friend in paris， she feels very lonely.或she does not have any friend in paris， so she feels very lonely.或she feels very lonely because she does not have any friend in paris. running water does not get stale; a door?hinge is never worm eaten.
易優(yōu)語文培訓(xùn)，蘇州閱讀寫作同步提升 http://www.zequeka.cn/miniform.html
流水不腐，戶樞不蠹。
請改正下面句子中的錯誤。
1. education is no longer free as it use to be.
2. for example， the computer that is used everywhere today to increase efficiency and save the cost of labour.
3. in our country we vote for our government， the next federal election is coming again.
4. after they express there opinion， he dicided to reduces the operational expenses.
5. many people are dishonest with government. although they are married， but they don“t want to declare they are married.
6. the closing down of hospitals causes inconvenience for the growing number of patients in ontario.
7.how do you think of my boyfriend， dad?the girl ask.
8. winter storms that bring ice， sleet， and snow they can cause traffic problem.
9. the cake was suppose to be tasty.
10. the river will flood again next year unless we will build a better dam.
11. the runner looker as if he was winded.
12. if i would have trained for the race， i might have won.
13. the instructor divided the work between sam and i.
14. her mother told her she was going to visit alaska.
15. because our car was overheating， it came as no surprise that it broke down just as it began to rain.
16. the moon， along with venus， are visible in the night sky.
17. three hundred dollars are what we must pay.
18. the candidate felt unusual energetic.
19. the physicist marie curie discovered radium， she won two nobel prizes.
20. people feared that they would no longer be able to happily live in peace.
it is better to give than to take. 施比受更有福。
答案：
1. education is no longer free as it used to be.
2. for example， the computer that is used everywhere today ncreases efficiency and saves the cost of labor.
3. in our country we vote for our government when the next federal election is coming again.
4. after they expressed their opinion， he decided to reduce the operational expenses.
5. many people are dishonest with government. although they are married， they don't want to declare they are married.
6. the closing inconvenience for the increasing patients in ontario.
7.how do you think of my boyfriend， dad?the girl asked.
8. winter storms that bring ice， sleet， and snow can cause traffic problem.或winter storms bring ice， sleet， and snow which can cause traffic problem.
9. the cake was supposed to be tasty.
10. the river will flood again next year unless we build a better dam.
11. the runner looked as if he was winded.
12. if i had been trained for the race， i would have won.
13. the instructor divided the work between sam and me.
14. her mother told her she was going to visit alaska.
15. because our car was overheating， it came with no surprise that it broke down just as it began to run.
16. the moon，along with venus， is visible in the night sky.
17. three hundred dollars is what we must pay.
18. the candidate felt unusual energetic.
19. the physicist marie curie discovered radium， so she won two nobel prizes.
20. people feared that they would no longer be able to live in peace happily.
