中考英語作文指導(dǎo)：應(yīng)用文體素材儲備與寫作指導(dǎo) 蘇州作文輔導(dǎo)，作文培訓(xùn)，就來易優(yōu)作文 www.zequeka.cn
相關(guān)話題素材儲備
蘇州小學(xué)作文輔導(dǎo)，蘇州作文培訓(xùn)，就來易優(yōu)悅讀 www.zequeka.cn
應(yīng)用文是中考寫作中的常見文體，主要包括信件和郵件、日記、演講稿、宣傳廣告、倡議書等形式，其中尤以信件和郵件居多。寫作要求中會設(shè)定情境，要求考生根據(jù)假設(shè)的情況做書面表達(dá)。 蘇州作文輔導(dǎo)，蘇州中學(xué)生作文培訓(xùn) www.zequeka.cn
應(yīng)用文作為寫作文體，其話題范圍較廣?！吨行W(xué)英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》初中階段提到的不少話題，如interest and hobbies(興趣與愛好)，personal information(個人信息)，social communication (社會交際)，cultures and customs(文化習(xí)俗)，illness and health(疾病與健康)等，都可能會要求學(xué)生以應(yīng)用文體裁來呈現(xiàn)。
在應(yīng)用文寫作中，首先要明確所寫的是何種類型的應(yīng)用文，準(zhǔn)確地使用對應(yīng)的寫作格式與表達(dá)方式，比如信件、郵件、日記的寫作需要注意格式，發(fā)言稿、倡議書等還需要注意語言的得體性。其次，寫作內(nèi)容緊扣所給的情境，以所給身份的視角而非自己的感受體驗來寫作，并且要注意寫作的對象是誰，使所寫內(nèi)容具有針對性。
這一類作文命題比較常見，比如：
1、假設(shè)你是張翔，你的朋友孫磊上周來信說，他的同桌上課經(jīng)常找借口跟他說話，這使得他非?？鄲?，不知道如何處理這事。請你給他寫封信，提出一些建議并幫助她。
2、Suppose you are a fan of "Where are we going, Dad". Please write a letter to the programme and recommend a place for them to spend a3-day trip.
近來《爸爸去哪兒》節(jié)目轟動了全國。如果你是這個節(jié)目的忠實粉絲，請給欄目組寫一封推薦信，推薦一個適合父親與孩子共度三天兩夜的地方，并請至少給出兩個理由。
3、Suppose you will give a speech at the school graduation ceremony. Please write something on what you want to say to both your teachers and schoolmates.
情假設(shè)在畢業(yè)前夕，你的學(xué)校要為初三學(xué)生舉辦一場畢業(yè)典禮， 你將作為學(xué)生代表進(jìn)行簡短的發(fā)言，請寫- -篇不少于60個詞的發(fā)言稿。
相關(guān)話題作文示例指導(dǎo)
以下是一篇來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用文佳作供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考，初步了解應(yīng)用文寫作:
題目
1.假設(shè)你是李華，在得知四川大地震的消息之后，作為校學(xué)生會主席，你決定給災(zāi)區(qū)的中學(xué)生寫-封慰問信，主要內(nèi)容包括:
(1)對四川發(fā)生突如其來的特大地震災(zāi)害感到非常難過;
(2)全校師生向災(zāi)區(qū)表示慰問的同時，共計捐款12萬元;
件) (3) 希望災(zāi)區(qū)人民看到希望，重建家園。
優(yōu)秀范文
Dear friends,
①I'm awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown.
?Though faced with such a rarely- seen disaster,you still remain calm and strong. We are all moved to tears. ③A friend in need is a friend indeed. Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait a minute to④ make every bit of our effort to help you. As the chairman of the student union, I want to express our most sincere pity and care to you ⑤on behalf of all my schoolmates.⑥ In addition, we make a donation of 120thousand yuan to you, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty. A better hometown can be rebuilt.Therefore, never give up whatever happens. Remember we won't be far away when you need any help!
Yours,
Li Hua
注
①信的開頭點明寫信的背景，對他人的不幸遭遇可用I am sorry to hear that ...副詞unexpectedly (意想不到地)用得很地道。
?用讓步狀語從句，突出了災(zāi)區(qū)人民的堅強; be faced with (面對)的詞組搭配、rarely-seen(罕見的)這一復(fù)合形容詞、be moved to tears (感動落淚)的搭配給句子增加了亮點。
③“患難見真情”，諺語的使用體現(xiàn)出作者積累之多。
④make every bit of effort to do sth.盡切努力做某事， 此處也可用詞組try one's best to do sth,表達(dá)同一意思。
⑤on behalf of sb. 代表某人。
⑥In addition(此外)，連接詞的使用讓文章更通順，層次更分明; make a donation of(捐贈)，expecting that ..期望)，go through difficulty(度過難關(guān))，這些表述都增加了文采。
點評
這封慰問信具有鮮明的體裁特征。慰問信首先要明確慰問的對象是誰，他們需要得到哪些精神或物質(zhì)上的慰問。其次，既然是慰問，語言上要具有感情色彩，或同情或鼓勵，給對方信心。從以上內(nèi)容和語言上看，這封慰問信可以說是-篇成功的應(yīng)用文。
根據(jù)寫作對象，作者選擇了合適的語言。作者清楚地意識到，慰問對象為地震災(zāi)區(qū)人民，因此語言上要體現(xiàn)出對災(zāi)區(qū)人民的關(guān)懷。作者使用了一些表示情感色彩的詞句，如I am sorry to hear that ... express our most sincere pity and care to you, never give up等，使讀信的受災(zāi)群眾能感受到寫信人的情真意切。同時，寫信人為校學(xué)生會主席，代表全校師生寫這封信，作者也注意了用詞的代表性，如on behalf of, we ...
根據(jù)寫作要求，確定寫作的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)。題目要求很明確，依次圍繞表達(dá)同情、全校捐款、給予信心三個要點寫作，全文也緊扣這幾點。值得一提的是， 雖然提示里未提及，但作為信件，在篇首都應(yīng)當(dāng)寫明寫信目的或背景，如本信的“I am awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown."即簡明扼要地表明了寫信的背景。
相關(guān)話題優(yōu)秀中考滿分作文解析
（一）
假定你是李華，收到英國筆友 Harry 的郵件，獲悉他在機器人制作比賽中獲獎。請根據(jù)郵件內(nèi)容給他回復(fù)。詞數(shù) 80 左右。
參考詞匯：congratulation
祝賀注意事項：
1. 回復(fù)郵件時可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，郵件格式已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；
2. 意思清楚，表達(dá)通順，行文連貫，書寫規(guī)范；
3. 請勿在文中使用真實的姓名、校名及地名。
Dear Harry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【寫作思路】
此類觀點表達(dá)和原因說明類的作文，在我們?nèi)喌闹锌紡?fù)習(xí)中進(jìn)行過系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練。 學(xué)生可根據(jù)日常所授的寫作模板，對全文內(nèi)容及結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行合理安排。
（1）結(jié)構(gòu)：開頭表示祝賀，使用所給提示詞；
（2）正文要點：表達(dá)興趣并說明原因，至少兩點（如熱點科技，對科技創(chuàng)新的興趣，對生活的改變，對醫(yī)療、救援 的幫助等）；
寫作時從單詞拼寫到句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從時態(tài)到語態(tài)，都應(yīng)該注意統(tǒng)一。在打草稿時把需要用到的關(guān)鍵詞、高級句式、關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)甚至注意事項等簡單地寫在題目旁邊，以盡量規(guī)避錯誤。
【參考范文】
Dear Harry,
Congratulations！How glad I am to share your good news!
I think robots are helpful in many ways. And in the future, they will play more important roles in our daily life. Plus, I am dying to have a robot of my own. I can have it take care of my grandparents when we are not at home. You see, my grandparents are old and cannot move easily. It can help them do some housework such as cooking, cleaning the house and so on.
Hoping you will make greater progress.
Yours,
Li Hua
（二）
假設(shè)你某英語報社的編輯Rina, 收到Li Wei 同學(xué)的來信，訴說了因為肥胖常遭到同學(xué)嘲笑的苦惱，并向你尋求建議。請你根據(jù)以下提示給Li Wei 回信。
要求：1. 須包括所有要點提示并適當(dāng)補充，語句通順，意思連貫；
2. 詞數(shù)：100詞左右；開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；
3. 文中不得出現(xiàn)個人真實姓名和校名。
參考詞匯：laugh at; care about; high- fat food; the more... , the healthier...
Dear Li Wei,
I’ve received your letter and I can understand you. _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Rina
【寫作思路】
假設(shè)你某英語報社的編輯Rina, 收到Li Wei 同學(xué)的來信，訴說了因為肥胖常遭到同學(xué)嘲笑的苦惱，并向你尋求建議。請你根據(jù)以下提示給Li Wei 回信。本題給出了主要寫作要點，動筆前要先認(rèn)真閱讀要點，確定寫作內(nèi)容，并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。根據(jù)內(nèi)容可知本文主要是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和將來時態(tài)，寫作中注意標(biāo)點符號及大小寫等問題，不要犯語法錯誤。注意上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，語意連貫。
【參考范文】
Dear Li Wei,
I have received your letter and I can understand you. You must feel bad when being laughed at use of your over-weight. Here is my advice for you.
Firstly, there is no need to care about what others think of you. The most important thing is to be confident, as it will help you have courage to face and overcome your trouble.
Secondly, try to eat healthily keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A balanced diet is very important for losing weight.
Thirdly, I strongly advise you to exercise more often. You'd better get up early in the morning and do some sports regularly. The more you exercise, the healthier you'll be.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Rina
點評
這是一篇很好的文章，文中用到了一些好的句型：Firstly, there is no need to care about what others think of you.；Secondly, try to eat healthily keep away from high-fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A balanced diet is very important for losing weight.這些給文章增色不少。
