The most effective business leader has highest ethtical standards.
最effective的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖也是道德水平最高的。
題庫塬題：“The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.”
提供觀點：
1、 反面的例子可以是說如果從最高的道德規(guī)范來看有些污染環(huán)境的行業(yè)根本就不應(yīng)該存在。但是從企業(yè)的長期發(fā)展來看以及從社會的福利最大化來看，只要污染控制在一定范圍就好。如化工廠只要把排污控制在國家規(guī)定的范圍就好。
道德不明確，每個人的標準不一樣；法律立法時符合大多數(shù)人的要求明確具體；時滯可以用提高立法效率來解決
2、 支持者會認為， 高道德會贏得reputation and trust; 第一， 高道德生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品以及service，顧客穩(wěn)定stable share of the market; 第二， 高道德會讓員工滿意度提高（公平，平等）。 從而attract those applicants with high ability and keep the employees loyal to the company---最終導致高的productivity.
例子：Bayer， one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world， announced that the company would cease production of one of its major products， because of the hazardous ingredients it contained. By doing so， the company suffers great loss on profitability， but gains strong public support and understanding， which can contribute to the long-term success of the company.
3、 但在更多的情況下， 高道德也許不equal to maximal profit. 比如，a， 如果把道德放在第一位的話，企業(yè)的executive很可能無法執(zhí)行裁員活動complete the normal administration， such as raising the price， reducing the superabundant staff… b， 高道德的話，很可能采用最高標準的環(huán)保生產(chǎn)——這樣很不是cost-effective. 總之，F(xiàn)ollowing such undue concern about ethics， the company may find it impossible to survive in the radical competitive market， let alone to gain large profit.
View1： the definition of highest standards of ethics varies from person to person and time to time. Therefore， it is impractical to find and then stick to the highest standards of ethics.
View2： the regulations and laws of authorities are more feasible and suitable standards to follow.
View3： while waiting for government regulations may draw back the processes of eliminating the ill actions， we can count on the authorities to speed up the process of refining the laws and regulations.
范文：The speaker claims that following high ethical standards is the best way to maximize profits in the long run. However， this claim seems to be more of a normative statement than an empirical observation. The issue is more complex than the speaker suggests. In my observation， the two objectives at times coincide but at other times conflict.
In many ways behaving ethically can benefit a business. Ethical conduct will gain a company good reputation that earns repeated business. Treating suppliers， customers and others fairly is likely to result in their reciprocating. Finally， a company that treats its employees fairly and with respect will gain their loyalty which， in turn， usually translates into higher productivity.
On the other hand， taking the most ethical course of action may in many cases reduce profits， in the short run and beyond. Consider the details of a merger in which both firms hope to profit from a synergy （n.最佳協(xié)合作用，企業(yè)合并后的協(xié)力優(yōu)勢） gained thereby. If the details of the merger hinge on （v. 靠。.轉(zhuǎn)動， 以。.為轉(zhuǎn)移） the ethical conviction that as few employees as possible should lose their jobs， the key executives may lose sight of the fact that a leaner， less labor-intensive organization might be necessary for long-term survival. Thus， undue concern with ethics in this case would results in lower profits and perhaps ultimate business failure.
This merger scenario points out a larger argument that the speaker misses entirely-that profit maximization is per se the highest ethical objective in private business. Why？ By maximizing profits， businesses bestow a variety of important benefits on their community and on society： they employ more people， stimulate the economy， and enhance healthy competition. In short， the profit motive is the key to ensuring that the members of a free market society survive and thrive. While this argument might ignore implications for the natural environment and for socioeconomic （of， relating to， or involving a combination of social and economic factors） justice， it is a compelling argument nonetheless.
Thus the choice to follow high ethical standards should not be made by thinking that ethical conduct is profitable. While in some cases a commitment to high ethical standards might benefit a company financially， in many cases it will not. In the final analysis， businesses might best be advised to view their attempts to maximize profits as highly ethical behavior.
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