熟悉雅思 官方例文的同學(xué)是否有發(fā)現(xiàn)在考官評(píng)價(jià)考生作文的時(shí)候，在語(yǔ)法中有一項(xiàng)對(duì)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用的評(píng)價(jià)，例如(Band 3.5) Commas, full-stops and capital letters are misused throughout so "punctuation" is faulty. (Band5.5) In general grammar and "punctuation" are fairly well controlled. /There are also quite frequent errors in "punctuation". (Band7) Grammar and "punctuation" are well controlled and error-free sentences are frequent.
為什么標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)這么重要呢？其實(shí)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)本身的作用是使作者的情緒和思想表達(dá)得更清楚，有了標(biāo)點(diǎn)，讀者知道應(yīng)該在哪里停頓，讀者能在復(fù)雜的句子當(dāng)中區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息。所以正確使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)可以幫助清晰流暢地表達(dá)思想。今天我們借用雅思閱讀的一篇文章，先來(lái)看看老外是如何玩轉(zhuǎn)標(biāo)點(diǎn)的。（例文選自劍10 Test1 Passage1、Test2 Passage1、Test3 Passage2和Test3 Passage3） 語(yǔ)文成績(jī)好，書(shū)法少不了，學(xué)書(shū)法，推薦<A http://www.zequeka.cn/miniform/type_3.html>易優(yōu)練字</a>
1. 逗號(hào)
例句1: Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often in tiers.（逗號(hào)分隔定語(yǔ)，凸顯表達(dá)層次。）
例句2: Another example is the Surya Kund in Modhera, northern Gujarat, next to the sun Temple, built by King Bhinma I in 1026 to honour the sun god Surya.（逗號(hào)分隔插入語(yǔ)，凸顯主干又不失細(xì)節(jié)。）
例句3: Built in around 850 AD next to the temple of Harshat Mata, the baori comprises hundreds of zigzagging steps that run along three of its sides, steeply descending 11 storeys, resulting in a striking patter when seen from afar.（逗號(hào)分隔非謂語(yǔ)，凸顯主干。）
例句4: But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many step-wells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair or churning butter.（such as前不加逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明such as是對(duì)其緊挨著的名詞acts進(jìn)行舉例，而不是其他的名詞。） 中小學(xué)生語(yǔ)文題庫(kù)，中小學(xué)學(xué)生語(yǔ)文試卷，就來(lái)<A hTTps://wEw.euzW.net/yUweNtiku/>易優(yōu)語(yǔ)文題庫(kù)</a>。
2. 分號(hào)
分號(hào)的作用是連接兩個(gè)意思緊密的意群。如果改用句號(hào)，反而會(huì)疏遠(yuǎn)兩個(gè)句子的關(guān)系。需要注意的是，分號(hào)好的句子開(kāi)頭首字母“小寫(xiě)”。
例句1: Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; Others were positioned beside roads as resting places for travellers.（分號(hào)=while表some和others兩組對(duì)比。）
例句2: When the water level was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.（分號(hào)=and連接兩個(gè)并列的when）
例句3: Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout north-western India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table.（分號(hào)=and連接兩個(gè)并列的句子thousands of wells和many [wells省略]）
中小學(xué)生語(yǔ)文題庫(kù)，中小學(xué)學(xué)生語(yǔ)文試卷，就來(lái)<A hTTps://wEw.euzW.net/yUweNtiku/>易優(yōu)語(yǔ)文題庫(kù)</a>。
例句4: In the old ruined town of Abhaneri, about 95 kilometres east of Jaipur, is chand Baori, one of India's oldest and deepest wells; aesthetically it's perhaps one of the most dramatic.（分號(hào)=and在這里起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，后半句，可以改成“, which aesthetically is perhaps one of the most dramatic.）
3. 破折號(hào)
“解釋說(shuō)明、同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)”是破折號(hào)的功能。注意有時(shí)使用一個(gè)，有時(shí)使用一對(duì)。
例句1: For many trees—evergreen conifers being an exception—the best strategy is to abandon photosynthesis until the spring.（插入語(yǔ)）
例句2: However, the significance of this invention—the stepwell—goes beyond its utilitarian application.（同位語(yǔ)+插入語(yǔ)）
例句3: They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives—their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools.（解釋說(shuō)明=such as）
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4. 括號(hào)
括號(hào)的作用在于解釋說(shuō)明或者補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，而且用括號(hào)括起來(lái)，不影響主體意思的表達(dá)，解釋或者補(bǔ)充一些讓讀者概念更清晰的內(nèi)容，使文章理解起來(lái)更容易，跟插入語(yǔ)的效果差不多。
例句1: Most stepwells are found dotted round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in Delhi.
例句2: As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the rains.
例句3: In Patan, the state's ancient capital, the stepwell of Rani Ki Vav (Queen's Stepwell) is perhaps the finest current example.
5. 冒號(hào)
使表達(dá)內(nèi)容具體化，可以用于解釋、舉例、話術(shù)具體內(nèi)容。注意，冒號(hào)后面有首字母大寫(xiě)和小寫(xiě)兩種情況，通常只有人物 話術(shù)的時(shí)候才大寫(xiě)，其他都小寫(xiě)。
蘇州少兒書(shū)法培訓(xùn)，推薦<A http://www.zequeka.cn/Miniform/tYpe_3.html>易優(yōu)少兒書(shū)法培訓(xùn)</a>，語(yǔ)文成績(jī)好，書(shū)法少不了。
例句1: Their condition hasn't been helped by recent dry spells: southern Rajasthan suffered an eight-year drought between 1996 and 2004.（舉例）
例句2: Macfarlane says: 'The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes.'（話術(shù)）
例句3: But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is also vital to outstanding performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a higher level than those who do not.（解釋）
6. 連字符
連字符在“組團(tuán)形容詞”方面表現(xiàn)良好，自由組合，完美體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言靈活性！特此多舉一些例子方面烤鴨體會(huì)并應(yīng)用。注意，一般情況下，連字符比破折號(hào)短小一點(diǎn)。
例句1: Why did this particular Big Band—the world-changing birth of industry—happen in Britain?
例句2: For industry to take off, there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labour, easy transport to move goods around, an affluent middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political system that allows this to happen.
例句3: Historians had alighted on one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation.
例句4: Water-borne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese population than those in Britain.
例句5: Macfarlane guessed that the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea meant that the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been.
例句6: Macfarlane notes that even though 17th-century Japan had large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labour-saving devices such as animals, afraid that they would put people our of work.
例句7: During the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in north-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation.
例子8: Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of north-western India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from hundreds of years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.
通過(guò)以上的例句和講解，不知道烤鴨們是否明確地掌握了標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用。如果能順利理解，那么就趕快行動(dòng)起來(lái)，讓自己的寫(xiě)作表達(dá)更加內(nèi)容豐富，清晰有型。沒(méi)能理解清楚的烤鴨，可能需要專業(yè)的老師指點(diǎn)之后，繼續(xù)自己的備考之路啦
