教學(xué)過程中常常遇到一些備考雅思 的同學(xué)，他們有著不錯(cuò)的雅思 語言功底，詞匯量豐富，語法上看不會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么問題，還常常出現(xiàn)長難句。但他們的雅思寫作分?jǐn)?shù)常常不盡人意。面對(duì)這些千年6.5的考生，深究其中的原因，往往不外乎，寫作中論證的質(zhì)量和邏輯沒有達(dá)到要求。這一類學(xué)生，6.5分證明了他們不錯(cuò)的語言實(shí)力;但跨過6.5分的坎兒則要求的是邏輯推理和論證能力。
首先，我們來看一下雅思寫作的四項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
1. Task Response
2. Coherence & Cohesion
3. Lexical resource
4. Grammatical range & accuracy
剛才所提到的這類考生，自然是在3和4兩方面能拿到較好的分?jǐn)?shù)，但對(duì)于1和2的要求卻并沒有深入了解，而這兩項(xiàng)評(píng)分也正是正文段的邏輯要求即論證的充分性和完備性。那1和2具體要求什么呢?其實(shí)就是從不同的方面具體地討論話題，做到deeper and wider，而6.5以下的作文則是把話題想得過于簡單，只是泛泛而談。
接下來我們分析實(shí)例， 一篇一對(duì)一學(xué)生的課堂練習(xí)
題目：有人認(rèn)為保護(hù)瀕危滅絕動(dòng)物 純屬浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和大量金錢。你同意嗎?
學(xué)生正文段寫反對(duì)的論點(diǎn)，一共有三個(gè)：
(論點(diǎn)1):Maintaining lives of these dying-out animals is far from describing the significance of existence of them. The value of using extractions from wild lives for research and development is immeasurable, so keeping biological diversity is a necessity for further exploration of advanced medicines in pharmaceutical area.(論點(diǎn)2)Moreover, permanent disappearance of certain species has the risk of breaking equilibrium of ecosystem. Once one of links of food chain is destroyed, the consequence afterwards is disastrous and irreversible.(論點(diǎn)3)In addition, since interference and invasion into animal”s habitats by human beings is the arch-criminal of extinctions of endangered species, humankind has obligation to do something o fix their faults.
在這篇作文中，學(xué)生一共列舉出來三個(gè)理由反對(duì)題目的觀點(diǎn)，即動(dòng)物本身價(jià)值，破壞生態(tài)平衡以及人類行為導(dǎo)致他們滅絕。學(xué)生一般都會(huì)有這種錯(cuò)覺，覺得論點(diǎn)越多，思路就顯得越廣，因此文章必定不錯(cuò)。但這個(gè)片段并沒有對(duì)每一個(gè)論點(diǎn)給出具體的論證，從形式看是“句句在理”，而從內(nèi)容來看則是“空洞乏力”。那怎么樣才算是論證充分呢?
我們來看下面的片段：
It is vital that we appreciate the importance of endangered species in maintaining the balance of nature. (首句提出反駁題目的觀點(diǎn))Ecosystems are delicate arrangements where plants and animals all depend on each other for survival. (對(duì)于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)給出具體解釋)The disappearance or introduction of any animal species disrupts the balance and negatively impacts upon other plants and animals by breaking the food chain and altering the habitat in which they live. (給出假設(shè)：物種的引進(jìn)和滅絕都會(huì)破壞平衡)Such imbalances frequently return to haunt us in unexpected ways. (闡述其結(jié)果：危害人類生存)Just as rabbits that were introduced to Australian soon after European settlement now compete with native species for food and destroy farmers” crops, the extinction of a predator can cause plagues by allowing its prey to multiply unchecked. (舉出實(shí)例：兔子帶來的結(jié)果)Therefore, since endangered ecological change constitutes a potential risk to us and our environment, it is clearly in our own interests to protect endangered species. (回溯觀點(diǎn)：威脅人類生存，保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物刻不容緩)
通過對(duì)比，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)版本雖然都闡述應(yīng)該保護(hù)此類動(dòng)物，但是很明顯學(xué)生的片段則把重點(diǎn)放在論點(diǎn)的量，即三個(gè)方面;而第二個(gè)版本側(cè)重于論證的質(zhì)，即如何論證充分讓其環(huán)環(huán)相扣。那到底哪個(gè)才接近7分以上作文的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呢?當(dāng)然是后者。
為了讓大家能夠更清楚地感受這種論證地充分性，再來看另一個(gè)話題：抽煙危害健康，為了公眾的健康，政府應(yīng)該禁止抽煙。你怎么看?
對(duì)于這個(gè)題目，經(jīng)常有學(xué)生這么想，很想寫同意，但會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)同意的部分對(duì)于“危害健康”這個(gè)點(diǎn)實(shí)在難以做到寫的具體實(shí)在，幾句空話一講便沒了下文。那到底該怎么論證?
我們來看范文的片段：
Perhaps the strongest argument in favor of banning cigarettes and other tobacco products is that of public health. (首句概括主旨) It is an irrefutable fact that smoking leads to lung cancer and other such as potentially fatal diseases. (給出解釋：抽煙導(dǎo)致癌癥和其他疾病)Pro-smoking groups would no doubt agree that each individual has the right to determine what goes into his or her body. (讓步觀點(diǎn)：反對(duì)禁止抽煙者覺得這是他們的自由)Nevertheless, I would suggest that the interests and rights of society at large, must override those of the individual. (以退為進(jìn)：必須看重大局利益)The medical treatment that smokers require is often incredibly costly, and it is frequently governments and society that cover these costs rather than the individual smoker. (給出另一個(gè)理由：香煙帶來疾病，而疾病需要大量費(fèi)用醫(yī)治)Hence, laws prohibiting smoking would be entirely justified. (回溯觀點(diǎn)：禁止抽煙合理性)
通過上述的內(nèi)容，相信大家對(duì)于論證充分和具體的概念有一定的理解。在備考階段對(duì)于每一個(gè)話題進(jìn)行background research 準(zhǔn)備大量論據(jù)之后，是時(shí)候去思考如何將自己的正文片段寫得具體充分而避免泛泛而談，而這也是跨過6.5邁向7分的重要途徑
學(xué)網(wǎng)站豎圖.jpg )
