大家都知道托福 寫作的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是從語言形式(linguistic feature)和內(nèi)容(content)來兩方面來衡量的。如果說托福 寫作比喻為一個(gè)人，那么，語言形式就是一個(gè)人的儀表著裝，內(nèi)容則是一個(gè)人的內(nèi)涵。想要獲取托福寫作高分，我們就必須做到“內(nèi)外兼修”。
優(yōu)秀的語言形式需要考生注重：字?jǐn)?shù)格式、詞句豐富、語法正確。語法正確就是很關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)，本文就通過托福寫作中的四類語法錯(cuò)誤和大家談?wù)務(wù)Z言形式中的語法正確性。
語法錯(cuò)誤一：單復(fù)數(shù)不一致
單復(fù)數(shù)原則涉及可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)詞三單(即主語為單數(shù)且動(dòng)詞使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞需要用單數(shù))。這個(gè)道理無人不知，但往往實(shí)踐和理論是脫節(jié)的。那么，學(xué)生們會(huì)寫成什么樣子呢?[注：本文所選用錯(cuò)誤句子均源于學(xué)生作文]
錯(cuò)1：Job-related decision must depend on some specific situation.
析1：situation是可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)被some修飾時(shí)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
改1：Job-related decision must depend on some specific situations.
錯(cuò)2：There are less support to the literature writers.
析2：There be 句式中的be的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語決定，此句主語為不可數(shù)名詞support，應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
改2：There is less support to the literature writers.
錯(cuò)3：Traveling now become a modern way for people to relax
析3：主語traveling是單數(shù)，相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。
改3：Traveling now becomes a modern way for people to relax
語法錯(cuò)誤二：動(dòng)詞原形做主語
動(dòng)詞原形是不可以做主語的，必須用動(dòng)名詞(doing)或不定式(to do)的形式。
錯(cuò)4：Study hard will increase a person”s competence.
析4：此句使用動(dòng)詞原形做主語，需改成動(dòng)名詞(doing)或不定式(to do)的形式。
改4：Studying hard will increase a person”s competence.
錯(cuò)5：Educate children is a momentous task today.
析5：此句使用動(dòng)詞原形做主語，需改成動(dòng)名詞(doing)或不定式(to do)的形式。
改5：To educate children is a momentous task today.
語法錯(cuò)誤三：兩個(gè)或多個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子用逗號連接
逗號并不具備鏈接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的功能。
兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子有以下幾種寫法：
第一，兩個(gè)句子用句號隔開，句首都需要首字母大寫。
第二，用邏輯連接詞連接兩個(gè)句子，寫作中常用的邏輯連接詞為并列關(guān)系(and，分號)、轉(zhuǎn)折(but, yet)、因果(for, so)。
第三，寫成復(fù)合句的形式，即名詞性從句、定語從句或狀語從句。例句有以下兩種修改形式
錯(cuò)6：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet, some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
析6：本句中，逗號連接了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立而完整的句子，是錯(cuò)誤的。
改6-1：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet. Some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
改6-2：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet and some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
改6-3：People inevitably have access to unhealthy or violent information on the Internet; some people especially teenagers will be easily attracted by those information.
錯(cuò)7：Today the haze is severely heavy, it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
析7：逗號連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。
改7-1：Today the haze is severely heavy. And it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
改7-2：Today the haze is severely heavy, and it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
改7-3：Today the haze is severely heavy; it is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
改7-4：Today the haze is severely heavy which is exceedingly harmful to everyone.
語法錯(cuò)誤四：從句單獨(dú)成句
從句的“從”意為“從屬”，所以，它是不具備獨(dú)立的功能的。也就是說，不能把從句連接詞首字母大寫變成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子。從句是復(fù)合句的一部分，從句和主句就像臺(tái)灣和大陸一樣是不可分割的。當(dāng)從句被寫成獨(dú)立的句子，就猶如臺(tái)灣遠(yuǎn)離了祖國母親的懷抱，于心何忍?!所以，從句必須和主句一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。
錯(cuò)8：The professor states that our culture has changed a lot. Which means we do not have to find what we want only from the literature work but also from the Internet.
析8：which引導(dǎo)的定語從句獨(dú)立成句，是錯(cuò)誤的。
改8：The professor states that our culture has changed a lot, which means we do not have to find what we want only from the literature work but also from the Internet.
錯(cuò)9：The only problem of food at the present time is that people have difficulty to decide what to eat. Because people have too many choices of delicious food.
析9：because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句獨(dú)立成句，錯(cuò)誤。
改9：The only problem of food at the present time is that people have difficulty to decide what to eat, because people have too many choices of delicious food.
總結(jié)篇：
語法錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)大多是因?yàn)樵谥形谋磉_(dá)中缺乏相應(yīng)英文的規(guī)則。在中文表達(dá)中，我們無需注重動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、動(dòng)詞非謂語形式等，對待單復(fù)數(shù)的表達(dá)以“簡”為重(如“一所大學(xué) ”和“百所中國大學(xué) ”，“大學(xué)”的表達(dá)并沒有變化，但對應(yīng)英文需要分別用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，即'a university' 和'100 Chinese universities')。
我們在漢語的長期熏陶下，便難以完全建立起良好的英文思維。于是，在托福寫作中，時(shí)而會(huì)有捉襟見肘的模樣。希望本文的內(nèi)容你可以讓自己的語言形式變得漂亮而生動(dòng)!
學(xué)網(wǎng)站豎圖.jpg )
