中考英語書面表達(dá)題型分析
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書面表達(dá)是中考中的主觀題。培養(yǎng)寫作技能，訓(xùn)練語言表達(dá)能力是新教材英語語言教學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容之一?！缎抡n標(biāo)》要求學(xué)生能在所學(xué)詞匯、語法和句型的基礎(chǔ)上造簡單的句子；能仿照學(xué)過的題材和所給的范例寫簡單的書信、便條、通知等。書面表達(dá)是中考英語測試的一個(gè)重要方面，綜合地考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)的英語知識進(jìn)行語言表達(dá)的能力。
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一、書面表達(dá)題的題型特點(diǎn) 易優(yōu)作文批改系統(tǒng)，易優(yōu)作文批改、易優(yōu)作文點(diǎn)評 <a href=http://www.zequeka.cn/jiaoshoulanmu/>易優(yōu)作文批改</A>
縱觀全國各省市的中考英語試題，書面表達(dá)題所占的分值在10分左右，書面表達(dá)的題型看起來繁多，但都在初中階段所學(xué)的范圍之內(nèi)，內(nèi)容并不多，題型多為以下幾種：
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1. 看圖編寫對話或短文。 易優(yōu)作文網(wǎng)名師改作文（http://www.zequeka.cn/jiaoshoulanmu/ ）,易優(yōu)作文評分系統(tǒng)，易優(yōu)作文打分系統(tǒng)。
2. 根據(jù)圖示(或英文提示)填寫對話或短文中所缺的詞語。
3. 根據(jù)中文提示編寫對話或短文。
4. 根據(jù)中文(或英文)提示編寫書信、日記、通知、感謝信等。
初中階段的書面表達(dá)主要是考查學(xué)生是否具備將零亂的句子組成段落的能力，同時(shí)也是考查學(xué)生的語句組織能力。從難度上看，填寫對話或短文中所缺的詞語這一方面的題比較容易，因?yàn)榫渥邮乾F(xiàn)成的，不用自己再造?？磮D編寫對話或短文則要困難一些，因?yàn)榫渥尤约壕帉?。難度最大的是按中文或英文提示寫作文，除了句子不犯語法錯(cuò)誤，單詞拼寫正確外，還要求上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯。
二、做書面表達(dá)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1. 書面表達(dá)雖然有一定的主觀性，但不同于其他的寫作，有它的獨(dú)特之處，學(xué)生不能離開提示自定內(nèi)容。即在做的時(shí)候，一定要注意提示或圖，切中題意。
2. 提示內(nèi)容要全部寫上，不能丟掉一些材料中所包含的內(nèi)容。
3. 在遣詞造句時(shí)，一定要選用在課本中學(xué)過的并有把握的詞匯和句型，決不要憑自己的想像和猜測去寫，否則就有可能寫出漢語式的英文。
4. 在寫短文時(shí)，適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用所學(xué)過的一些連詞，將散亂的句子連接成通順的短文。
5. 若為應(yīng)用文，格式要正確，書寫要符合規(guī)范。
6. 做完之后，要認(rèn)真檢查，看語句是否通順、正確，是否有拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號等方面的錯(cuò)誤。
三、書面表達(dá)題的答題方法
做書面表達(dá)的解題技巧有：
1. 對于看圖作文一定要看清畫面，了解圖示所表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，尤其要注意圖片中的人物、地點(diǎn)和背景；把握關(guān)鍵詞語，積極展開聯(lián)想；逐圖進(jìn)行描述，綜合起來思考。
2. 對于應(yīng)用文寫作一定要仔細(xì)閱讀寫作要求、所給的提示、文字說明等材料，確定寫作的文體和格式；根據(jù)提供的寫作材料，確立主題，列出要點(diǎn)；根據(jù)要點(diǎn)運(yùn)用所掌握的英語詞語和知識把要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)展開，用自己最熟悉最有把握的句型和詞匯來表達(dá)。盡可能地用多樣化的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句型，使語言豐富、流暢。
3. 寫完之后要檢查修改。要對照題目要求，認(rèn)真通讀全句、對話或短文，檢查內(nèi)容有無遺漏，時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)是否妥當(dāng)，單詞的拼寫是否正確，主謂是否一致，句子的語序和表達(dá)是否符合英文習(xí)慣等，盡量減少錯(cuò)誤。
中考英語書面表達(dá)題·電子郵件
假設(shè)你是Liu Ming。下面是你的筆友Zhang Ping給你發(fā)來的e-mail，請你也用e-mail給Zhang Ping回信。所寫內(nèi)容的詞數(shù)在70個(gè)左右。
Dear Liu Ming,
I’m very happy that you’re going to stay with us for the weekend. Will you come by bus or by train? When are you arriving? What do you look like? And what are you going to wear? Please tell me so that I can recognize you when I meet you at the station. By the way, what’s your favou rite food, drink and fruit? I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. Please write to me soon.
Zhang Ping
【參考范文】
Dear Zhang Ping,
Thanks for your last e-mail. I’m going to your hometown by bus on Friday. I’m arriving at about 4:00 in the afternoon. You can meet me at the bus station. Sorry I forgot to send you a picture of mine by e-mail. I’m tall and a little thin. I’ll wear a red T-shirt that day. Don’t think too much about food. Home cooking is just OK. I like orange juice best and bananas are my favourite fruit. I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun to gether. Oh, I can’t wait.
Liu Ming
中考英語書面表達(dá)題·表格類
（1）
假如昨天你們班級以Shall we keep animals in zoos? 為題開了一次討論會，請你根據(jù)下面的表用英語寫一篇60字左右的報(bào)道，介紹討論會的情況，第一句已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入詞數(shù)。
結(jié)果 | 20人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該把動(dòng)物養(yǎng)在動(dòng)物園 | 30人認(rèn)為不該把動(dòng)物養(yǎng)在動(dòng)物園里 |
理由 | 1.人們可以在動(dòng)物園里看到很多不同的動(dòng)物 2.動(dòng)物在動(dòng)物園里受到良好的照顧 | 1.動(dòng)物被關(guān)在籠子里無法活動(dòng)2.動(dòng)物喜歡生活在自然環(huán)境中 |
Yesterday we had a discussion about whether we should keep animals in zoos
【參考范文】
Yesterday we had a discussion about whether we should keep animals in zoos. Twenty students thought that it was good to keep animals in zoos because people could see many different kinds of animals there and ani mals were taken good care of in the zoos. But thirty students thought it not good for animals. Since the animals were kept in cages, they were not able to travel (walk, run) freely. Animals liked to live in nature.
（2）
今天你到廣州的一家超市購物，遇見一群英國游客，在交談中，他們談到他們明天想去廣州動(dòng)物園參觀，向你打聽該園的門票價(jià)格和開放時(shí)間。請你根據(jù)下面表格中的內(nèi)容向他們介紹，并順便提醒他們你認(rèn)為參觀時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。詞數(shù)不少于80個(gè)。
票價(jià) | 開放時(shí)間 | |
成人 | 80元\人 | 星期一星期五上午9；00到下午4；00 |
1.20米以上兒童 | 40元\人 | 星期六~星期天上午8：00~下午5 30
|
1.20米以下兒童 | 免費(fèi) | |
注：成人adult
【參考范文】
Guangzhou Zoo is the largest one in our city. The ticket for an adult is 80 yuan. The children over 1.20m in height can pay only half of it, and the ones under 1.20m can enter the zoo for free. The zoo opens from 9:00 a. m. to 4:00 p. m. on weekdays and from 8:00 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. on weekends. By the way, while visiting the zoo, you’d better not feed the animals with the food you take. And don’t get too close to or even touch the ani mals. That would be very dangerous. Please keep the zoo clean as well.
Wish you a good time!
（3）
假設(shè)你去參加英語夏令營，外籍老師要求你介紹你的一位好友，請根據(jù)下面表格提供的信息寫一篇短文。短文開頭已經(jīng)給出。
要求：
1. 所給的信息必須全部用上；
2. 必要時(shí)可增加內(nèi)容，著重描述學(xué)習(xí)情況和特長愛好；
3. 字?jǐn)?shù)一定要在80字左右；4. 表達(dá)連貫，書寫工整。
姓名 | 性別 | 年齡 | 家庭成員 | 學(xué)校 | 學(xué)習(xí)情況及特長愛好 |
李衛(wèi) | 男 | 15 | 3人 | 三中 |
【參考范文】
My friend,
My friend is Li Wei. He is a boy. He is fifteen / 15 years old. He studies / is in / at No. 3 Middle School. There are three people in his family, his father, his mother and he. He studies hard at all his subjects. He is good at Chinese and maths. I am a little weak in maths. So he often helps me with it. His favourite sports are swimming and playing basket ball. He is on the school team. He enjoys reading and listening to music. He is kind and friendly. We all like him
中考英語書面表達(dá)題·通知
請以下面的內(nèi)容寫一則通知：
學(xué)生會the Student Union定于6月28日14點(diǎn)30分在學(xué)校操場召開全校學(xué)生大會，大會內(nèi)容為遠(yuǎn)離網(wǎng)吧(net bars)拒絕不健康出版物(unhealthy publications)，請按時(shí)參加。
【參考范文】
NOTICE June 27th
Our school will have a meeting on the playground at 14:30 June 28. The meeting is about being (keeping) away from net bars and refusing unhealthy publications. Please be on time. / Don’t be late. The Student Union
中考英語書面表達(dá)題·要點(diǎn)類
■根據(jù)下列提示的信息寫一篇60至80字的短文。要求書寫規(guī)范，語句通順行文流暢，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語法正確。
內(nèi)容提示：
1. 小明隨父親打工進(jìn)城；
2. 小明到一所中學(xué)繼續(xù)讀書；
3. 在學(xué)習(xí)上不明遇到一些困難；
4. 同學(xué)們想辦法幫助他，使他克服了困難，取得了進(jìn)步。
【參考范文】
Xiaoming’s father found a job in the city, and Xiaotning had to go there with him. He went on with his study in a middle school, but he began to have some problems in his study. Happily for him, his new classmates were very kind and tried to help him in different ways. Soon Xiaoming solved all the problems and did better and better in all the subjects.
■假設(shè)今天是4月9號，星期五。請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇60字左右的值日報(bào)告。文章的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出。文章必須包括以下要點(diǎn)：
1. 星期幾、日期、天氣；
2. 除了林濤以外所有同學(xué)都來了；
3. 昨天的運(yùn)動(dòng)會上林濤受傷了；
4. 放學(xué)后要去看他，希望他很快好起來；
5. 其他需要報(bào)告的事情。
【參考范文】
I’m on duty today. Today is Friday, April 9. It’s sunny. Everyone is here except LinTao. As you know, he hurt his leg at the sports meeting yesterday. We’ll go to see him after school. I hope he will be all right soon. By the way, some English experts will come to visit our school tomorrow. Please be polite to them. That’s all. Thank you
■假如你是張強(qiáng)，請你根據(jù)美國Bob的來信內(nèi)容，結(jié)合你自己的情況寫出一篇語言連貫，符合邏輯的英文回信。
要求：認(rèn)真閱讀來信的內(nèi)容，從中獲得你所需要的信息；詞數(shù)在80左右。
注意：信中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的姓名和地址
【參考范文】
Dear friend,
Hello. I’m your new friend. My name is Bob. I’m fifteen. I’m American. I live in New York.
I am a middle school student. I’m good at maths. It is very interesting. My favou rite sport is basketball. And I am not only a basktball fan but also a good player. I like pop music. My friends and I often sing pop songs together.
After school, I am interested in getting online. I have known a lot about China from the Internet. Now I’m learning Chinese. I hope I will visit your country one day.
Please write to me and tell me something about your life. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Bob
