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信函和信件是中考中最常見的應用文寫作類型，是人們相互交流信息的書面通訊方式。從寫作對象上看，信函和信件通常分為公開信和私人信。從寫作內(nèi)容上看，信件(信函)主要有建議信、推薦信、求助信、告別信、感謝信等，中考中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的寫作類別為建議信。此外，信件(信函)還分為初次寫信和寫回信。因此，考生應當仔細審題，根據(jù)不同的信件(信函)類別寫作。 易優(yōu)作文批改系統(tǒng)，易優(yōu)作文打分、易優(yōu)作文評分評價 <a href=http://www.zequeka.cn/jiaoshoulanmu/>易優(yōu)作文批改</A>
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書信格式組成
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在英語信件(信函)寫作中尤其要注意書寫格式:英文書信由信頭、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語、結(jié)尾謙稱幾部分組成。
1. 信頭。指寫信人的地址和寫信日期，寫于信紙右上角。地址由小到大寫，日期寫在地址下。稱呼頂格寫在左上角，后面的標點用逗號。
2. 稱呼。常以Dear開頭，如果不清楚收信人性別，則寫Dear Sir or Madam。
3. 正文。在稱呼下一行開始，可頂格，也可段首縮進。正文的開頭通常有兩類:
(1)主動給對方寫信，開頭應當寫明寫信的目的或背景，再詳細敘述。常用開頭有:I am writing to you to...我寫信給你是為了.....
I am sorry to hear that ...得知....我很難過。
I am very glad to write a letter to you. These days we are talking about ...很高興寫信給你，最近我們正在計.....
It's been a long time since we met last time.我們已經(jīng)好久不見了。
(2)寫回信給對方，開頭應當先表明感謝收到來信。常用開頭有:
Thank you for your letter From your letter I learnt that ..感謝你的來信，從你的信中，我得----.
I am sorry for not writing to you sooner.抱歉沒有早些回信。
I am glad you ask me for help.感謝你向我求助。
4.結(jié)束語。在正文下自成段，表達祝愿或希望。常用的結(jié)束語有:
Best wishes!請接受我的美好祝福!
Looking forward to your reply!期待你的回信!
I hope to hear from you soon.期待不久能收到你的回復。
Hope my suggestions will be helpful.希望我的建議能幫到你。
I hope what I said can help you.希望我說的對你有所助益。
Have a good time!過得愉快!
5.結(jié)尾謙稱。寫于結(jié)束語下一行。如正文左頂格寫，結(jié)尾謙稱也左頂格。如正又段結(jié)尾謙稱則從信偏右的地方開始寫。注意首字母大寫，后面使用逗號。常用的謙稱有:Yours,
Yours ever,
Yours sincerely,
Truly yours,
Yours respectfully,
書信(信函)寫作格式示例
相關話題中考滿分作文解析
（一）
隨著我們不斷成長，生活不僅給予了我們許多快樂時光，同時伴隨不少煩惱．仔細閱讀下面小華寫給英語報社的信，結(jié)合自己的實際，運用所學知識，請你以編輯的名義，就他的頻惱在回信中給出好的建議．
Dear sir，
I'm Xiaohua，15，a middle school student． I have some problems to tell you， my parents always say to me， "Study， study， do homework， do your homework． " when I come back． However，they don' t know how hard I study at school from 7：00 am to 8：30 p．m． every day．
And last Sunday， my 3﹣year﹣old brother troubled me again and again while I was studying for the coming exam． I really wanted to get better grades， so I couldn't stand him any more， I shouted at him in anger， thus he cried loudly． Then my mother came in， she blamed me without asking "why"．
My eyes were full of tears at that time． It was not my fault． Why did she treat me like that？Didn't mother love me？ After all． I'm also her birth child， My dear editor， what can I do？ Could you give me some suggestions？
Sincerely，
Xiaohua
要求：
（1）卷面整潔（無污跡），書寫工整（有美感）．
（2）全文字數(shù)不少于90詞．書信開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入單詞總數(shù)．
（3）條理清楚，句式規(guī)范，標點符號和大小寫使用正確．
（4）內(nèi)容盡量就小華的煩惱給出好的建議，并適當發(fā)揮：文中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名、地名．
Dear Xiaohua，
I'm glad to receive your letter． I have ever had the same experience． I even had a fight with my parents．But now， I fully understand them． ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope these help!
Tony
【參考范文】
Dear Xiaohua，
I'm glad to receive your letter． I have ever had the same experience． I even had a fight with my parents．But now， I fully understand them．（開篇表明自己也碰到過）
First，As parents，their dream is that one day you can get good grades．So they put emphasis on homework every day．Why not talk with your parents？【高分句型一】 you can tell them that you finished your homework if you really did it．Or you can help them do some housework after school．Second，F(xiàn)or your little brother，He is just a baby．He is glad to see you after your coming back from school．So he wants to play with you．Why don't you play with him for a few minutes．And you also can tell him that you have something important to do．Maybe he will get your point．At last，Believe your parents．They all love you forever．All you need to do is communication．Then you will get on well with your parents and brother【高分句型一】．（針對對方的信提出三點建議）
I hope these help!（結(jié)尾給出期望）
Tony
（二）
假如你是英語校報的編輯李平，請你根據(jù)以信息，給新入學的學弟學妹們寫一封信，歡迎他們來到新學校，并對他們在學校如何做合格的中學生提出建議。
寫作要點：
1. 歡迎他們來到新學校。
2. 介紹學校：
(1) 課程有趣；
(2) 有多名外教；
(3) 活動豐富。
3. 請對他們在學校如何做合格的(qualified)中學生提出具體建議。
寫作要求：
1. 不得使用真實的姓名和學校名。
2. 可適當加入細節(jié)，使內(nèi)容充實，行文連貫。
3. 字跡工整、語言精練、表達準確、條理清晰。
4. 至少80詞。
Dear new friends,
It’s my pleasure to write you this letter.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ping
【寫作思路】
這是一篇書信作文，內(nèi)容是關于學校生活的。首先認真審題，看清題目中的要求和要點；提示內(nèi)容就是本文的寫作要點。這些要點構(gòu)成寫作的基本框架。我們要做的就是用正確的英語把要點表達出來，并適當發(fā)揮想象提出自己的建議。不要遺漏要點，并適當發(fā)揮。根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容可知本文主要是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)來寫，要注意主謂一致等問題。在寫作過程中，要注意句與句段與段之間的過渡，必要時可適當運用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關系的連詞，使文章過渡平穩(wěn)，自然流暢；最后要細心復核檢查，確保正確無誤。
【參考范文】
Dear new friends,
It's my pleasure to write you this letter. Welcome to our new school. Our school is clean and beautiful. The classrooms are big and bright. All the subjects are very interesting. I am good at English. There are many foreign teachers in our school. In our spare time, we can communicate with them and improve our oral English skills. Our after class activities are also rich and colorful. There are different clubs in our school. You can take part in all kinds of activities you like.
Now you are going to be middle school students. How to be a qualified middle school student? At first, you should follow the school rules. It's also important to have good study habits. You must listen to the teachers carefully in class.I think you should learn to share things with your classmates and help each other.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ping
（三）
假如你是遵義育才中學的大明，你們學校與上海陽光中學正在實施"山與海對話"（ Dialogue Between Mountain And Sea）項目．今年暑假，你的"手拉手"活動伙伴小海將來遵義進行首次交流活動．請根據(jù)下列提示給他寫一封80詞左右的書信．內(nèi)容包括：
自我介紹
年齡、性格、愛好……
校園生活介紹
社團活動……
家鄉(xiāng)介紹
自然環(huán)境，名勝古跡……
你的建議
上網(wǎng)了解更多有關遵義的歷史與文化……
注意：1．文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱；
2．可適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫；
3．書信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫出，不計入總詞數(shù)．
提示詞：遵義海龍囤Zunyi Hailongtun Castle 遵義會址 Zunyi Conference Site
Dear Xiaohai，
I'm glad to hear that you are coming to Zunyi because of the project Dialogue Between Mountain And Sea． Now let me tell you something about me and my city．__________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Welcome to my city! I'm looking forward to meeting you．
Yours sincerely，
Daming
【寫作思路】
本題是一篇材料作文，也是書信作文。注意書信格式。本文人稱主要是第一稱，時態(tài)主要是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時。認為閱讀材料，認真審題，確定主題，提示要點就是本文的提綱要點，根據(jù)要點適當發(fā)揮，列出提綱。短文必須包含提示內(nèi)容，條理清楚。要運用合適的連接詞或過渡詞，使文章具有連貫性。寫完以后，注意再讀一遍，看看有無單詞拼寫、標點、語法錯誤（時態(tài)、主謂一致等）。
【參考范文】
Dear Xiaohai，
I'm glad to hear that you are coming to Zunyi because of the project Dialogue Between Mountain And Sea． Now let me tell you something about me and my city．I am fourteen years old. I am outgoing and like making friends. I like sports, like playing balls and running. I also like collecting stamps. Our school life is very colorful. We can not only study very hard but also do all kinds of activities after class. After school, we often do some sports such as playing basketball, volleyball, Pingpong and so on. I join basketball club. I play basketball every Thursday afternoon after school.The natural environment in Zunyi is beautiful and there're many famous scenic spots and historical sites in Zunyi, like Zunyi Hailongtun Castle and Zunyi Conference Site. If you want to know more about Zunyi's history and culture, you can go online for it.
Welcome to my city! I'm looking forward to meeting you．
Yours sincerely，
Daming
【名師點評】
書面表達要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理后展開思維，考查運用所學英語知識準確表達意思的能力?？忌荒苓z漏要點，要盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得到較高的分數(shù)。語言要規(guī)范，時態(tài)運用要正確，敘述清楚條里，學習中注意總結(jié)，牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當引用，使文章的表達更有邏輯性，更富有條理。注意書寫的規(guī)范：大小寫、標點符號等的正確運用。注意檢查：單詞拼寫、語法、動詞時態(tài)、語序、主謂一致等。
寫作六步法：
1.審題：文體，時態(tài)，人稱。
2.抓住要點：要點是否齊全，適當補充。
3.擴充句子：通過增加狀語，定語，連詞，使句子意思飽滿充實。
4.連句成文，合理使用連詞。
5.改正錯誤：拼寫是否錯誤，語法時態(tài)是否正確，連詞是否恰當?shù)?。
6.謄寫作文：注意書寫工整美觀整潔。
（四）
假設你是李華，你的英國朋友 Tony 對“中國紅”一詞很感興趣，想了解“中國紅”在中國人日常生活中的體現(xiàn)，請你根據(jù)以下表格信息寫一封回信幫助他了解。
地位
最受歡迎的顏色之一
代表
幸福，可以帶來好運
使用場所
婚禮，春節(jié)等
表達方式
剪紙，中國結(jié)，紅包，燈籠
提示詞：婚禮 wedding，中國結(jié) Chinese Knot，紅包 red packet， 代表 stand for
Dear Tony,
It’s great to receive your letter. I’m writing to tell you something about Chinese red. ____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I truly hope my letter will help you understand better about Chinese red.
Yours,
Li Hua
【參考范文】
Dear Tony,
It’s great to receive your letter. I’m writing to tell you something about Chinese red. Chinese red, considered as the symbolic color of China, is extremely popular with Chinese people. It usually represents happiness, and we believe that it can bring us good luck.
People in our country attach such great importance to Chinese red that they use many red objects in some important events. For instance, in a wedding, you can see that the bride is in a red wedding dress and the wedding room is decorated with red. What’s more, the houses are also filled with red paper cuts, lanterns and Chinese Knots during the Spring Festival. Children will get red pockets for best wishes as well. Obviously, Chinese red plays a significant role and enjoys the highest popularity in China.
I truly hope my letter will help you understand better about Chinese red.
Yours,
Li Hua
（五）
假定你是蘇華，最近你的澳大利亞筆友Nathan犯了一些錯誤，倍感懊惱，寫了一封郵件向你訴說，為幫助他排解困感，請你根據(jù)他的郵件內(nèi)容并結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷．用英語回信開導他。
To：subua@china.com
From：nathan.australia.com
Subjects： Learning from mistakes
Dear Su Hue,
I'm unhappy that I've made some mistakes recently. They're troubling me a lot these days. I really need your help. Would you please share your experience with me?
Do you agree that everyone makes mistakes?
Can you tell me one of your mistakes?
How did you deal with your problem?
What have you learned from the mistake?
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
All the best,
Nathan
注意：
l. 詞數(shù)90左右。開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞量；
2. 回復須包括所有要點，可適當發(fā)揮，使短文連貫、通順；
3. 文中不得提及真實的人名、校名等相關信息。
Dear Nathan,
I'm sorry to know that you are not happy these days. _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope my experience can help you out.
Best wishes
Su Hua
【寫作思路】
書面表達題既不是漢譯英，也不是可任意發(fā)揮的作文。它要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理后展開思維，考查運用所學英語知識準確表達意思的能力。所以，考生不能遺漏要點，要盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得到較高的分數(shù)。
【參考范文】
Dear Nathan,
I'm sorry to know that you are not happy these days. You needn't worry too much. It's true that everyone makes mistakes.
Take me, for example. One day, I spent so much time playing football with my friends that I forgot to do my homework. I said sorry to my teacher and finished it the next day. I found it important to achieve a balance between schoolwork and hobbies.
It doesn't matter whether or not you make mistakes. What matters most is to correct and learn from them. In this way, others will understand you. Then you will feel much better.
I hope my experience can help you out.
Best wishes.
Su Hua
【名師點評】
這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如too much，make mistakes，for example，so much，spend time doing，forgot to do，say sorry sb.，between and，whether or not，learn from，in this way，feel much better等。而固定句型I found it important to achieve a balance between schoolwork and hobbies.和It's true that everyone makes mistakes./ It doesn't matter whether or not you make mistakes. / I hope my experience can help you out.等復雜從句結(jié)構(gòu)的運用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達多樣化，是本文的亮點。在學習中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當引用，使文章表達更有邏輯性，也更富有條理。
（六）
假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Mike得知你們開展了“做生態(tài)小公民，建設美麗家鄉(xiāng)”的活動，他來信表示很感興趣并想了解具體細節(jié)，請給Mike寫一封回信向他描述你（們）曾經(jīng)做過的一件事或參與的一次活動。
要求：
(1) 內(nèi)容應包括活動或事件的時間、地點、過程和你的感受；
(2) 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名和校名；詞數(shù)80~100。開頭和結(jié)尾己給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Milk,
I'm glad to hear that you are interested in our environment protection activities. To be an ecological eitizen(生態(tài)公民), we did a good job. Last ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now the environment around us becomes better and better. Welcome to my hometown one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
【寫作思路】
在解答寫作這類試題時，要根據(jù)短文的中心思想考慮如何開頭、展開和結(jié)尾，設想幾個承上啟下的連詞，將主要句型、關鍵詞語草草記下，形成提綱，寫時切忌結(jié)構(gòu)分散，廢話連篇，嚴重跑題。
【參考范文】
Dear Mike,
I'm glad to hear that you are interested in our environment protection activities. To be an ecological citizen, we did a good job. Last Sunday, I went to our community with my friends to give the people there a speech. It was about how to protect our environment. After the speech, they knew they should take a bus or ride a bike instead of driving to cut down air pollution. To cut down waste pollution, they should take bags to go shopping. And they also knew to put litter in different bins. Finally, we called them up/called on them to make a difference to our environment together. We were tired but happy that day.
Now the environment around us becomes better and better. Welcome to my hometown one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
【名師點評】
這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如be glad to do，be interested in，ecological citizen，give a speech，how to do，take a bus，ride a bike，instead of，cut down，go shopping，call them up，make a difference，become better and better等。而I'm glad to hear that you are interested in our environment protection activities./ After the speech, they knew they should take a bus or ride a bike instead of driving to cut down air pollution.等復雜從句結(jié)構(gòu)的運用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達多樣化，是本文的亮點。在學習中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當引用，使文章表達更有邏輯性，也更富有條理。
（七）
邀請函
假如你叫Tom，和Jack是同學。請用英語寫一則邀請函，邀請他于本周五晚上7點來你家參加你的生日聚會，并告訴他你家的地址（參看下圖）。
提示：1. 聚會內(nèi)容：唱歌、吃生日蛋糕、玩游戲；
2. 內(nèi)容要涵蓋提示中的信息，字數(shù)30-50詞。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think we will have a good time
Tom
【寫作思路】
假如你叫Tom，和Jack是同學。請用英語寫一則邀請函，邀請他于本周五晚上7點來你家參加你的生日聚會，并告訴他你家的地址（參看下圖）。雖然主要內(nèi)容已經(jīng)列好，但是很多內(nèi)容都需要我們自己去充實，讓它變得完整、合理，內(nèi)容豐富，這就需要花費我們的想象力，以及我們平時積累的知識。另外，寫作時，還需注意語句間的銜接，使文意連貫，表達流暢。
【參考范文】
Dear Jack,
I’ll have a birthday party at 7:00 p. m. this Friday. I’d like to invite you to my home. Let me tell you the way to my home. Walk along Green Street and take the second crossing on the left/turn left at the second crossing. At the party, we can sing, eat a birthday cake and play games.
I think we will have a good time.
Tom
【名師點評】
這是一篇比較不錯的作文。文中需要發(fā)揮的內(nèi)容寫的不錯，一些比較好的句型，如I’d like to invite you to my home. Let me tell you the way to my home. Walk along green Street and take the second crossing on the left/turn left at the second crossing等。
