A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly1 dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous2 a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency3 of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal4 chords would be inadequate5 without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm-two entirely6 different movements.
Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly7 in tune8. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner”s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed9 not to sound like percussion10, and each overlapping11 tone has to sound clear.
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This problem of getting clear texture12 is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sound with fanatical but selfless authority.
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly13 at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.
1 utterly
adv.完全地，絕對(duì)地
參考例句：
Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民，把畢生精力用于挽救患者的生命。 I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。
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2 arduous
adj.艱苦的，費(fèi)力的，陡峭的
參考例句：
We must have patience in doing arduous work.我們做艱苦的工作要有耐性。 The task was more arduous than he had calculated.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)比他所估計(jì)的要艱巨得多。
3 proficiency
n.精通，熟練，精練
參考例句：
He plied his trade and gained proficiency in it.他勤習(xí)手藝，技術(shù)漸漸達(dá)到了十分嫻熟的地步。 How do you think of your proficiency in written and spoken English?你認(rèn)為你的書面英語和口語熟練程度如何？
4 vocal <a hRef=htTps://Www.EuZw.nE/miNifoRm.Html>蘇州初中語文補(bǔ)習(xí)</a>
adj.直言不諱的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]聲樂節(jié)目
參考例句：
The tongue is a vocal organ.舌頭是一個(gè)發(fā)音器官。 Public opinion at last became vocal.終于輿論嘩然。
5 inadequate
adj.(for,to)不充足的，不適當(dāng)?shù)?
參考例句：
The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不應(yīng)求。 She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她還無力滿足對(duì)她提出的各項(xiàng)要求。
6 entirely
ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，徹底地
參考例句：
The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那場(chǎng)火災(zāi)完全是由于他們失職而引起的。 His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)獻(xiàn)給了教育工作。
7 perfectly
adv.完美地，無可非議地，徹底地
參考例句：
The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.證人們個(gè)個(gè)對(duì)自己所說的話十分肯定。 Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我們做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
8 tune
n.調(diào)子；和諧，協(xié)調(diào)；v.調(diào)音，調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整
參考例句：
He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他寫了一段曲子，并在鋼琴上彈給我們聽。 The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。
9 coaxed
v.哄，用好話勸說( coax的過去式和過去分詞 )；巧言騙??；哄勸，勸誘
參考例句：
She coaxed the horse into coming a little closer. 她哄著那匹馬讓它再靠近了一點(diǎn)。 I coaxed my sister into taking me to the theatre. 我用好話哄姐姐帶我去看戲。 來自《現(xiàn)代漢英綜合大詞典》
10 percussion
n.打擊樂器；沖突，撞擊；震動(dòng)，音響
參考例句：
In an orchestra,people who play percussion instruments sit at the back.在管弦樂隊(duì)中，演奏打擊樂器的人會(huì)坐在后面。 Percussion of the abdomen is often omitted.腹部叩診常被省略。
11 overlapping
adj./n.交迭（的）
參考例句：
There is no overlapping question between the two courses. 這兩門課程之間不存在重疊的問題。 A trimetrogon strip is composed of three rows of overlapping. 三鏡頭攝影航線為三排重迭的象片所組成。
12 texture
n.(織物)質(zhì)地；(材料)構(gòu)造；結(jié)構(gòu)；肌理
參考例句：
We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我們能感覺出絲綢的光滑質(zhì)地。 Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮膚細(xì)膩。
13 thoroughly
adv.完全地，徹底地，十足地
參考例句：
The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下種。 The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵們都系統(tǒng)地接受過保護(hù)武器的訓(xùn)練。
《The Language of Music》添加時(shí)間：2024-12-14；更新時(shí)間：2025-03-09
