中考英語作文：議論文體素材儲(chǔ)備與寫作指導(dǎo) <a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNifoRm.html>蘇州小學(xué)生作文培訓(xùn)</a>
議論文體素材儲(chǔ)備與寫作指導(dǎo) <a Href=http://www.zequeka.cn/minifoRm.html>蘇州作文輔導(dǎo)班</a>
體裁解讀 <a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNiform.html>蘇州作文培訓(xùn)</a>
議論文體對(duì)事件作出點(diǎn)評(píng)，表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，是日常語言表達(dá)的種常見形式. 對(duì)于習(xí)作面言財(cái)常以議論文的形式為其載體。熱點(diǎn)就是日常生活中些有爭議的話題， 學(xué)生圍繞這些話隨用述自己的觀點(diǎn)。常見的話題往往涉及學(xué)習(xí)生活、環(huán)保、未來規(guī)劃等，例如:是否要使用塑料包裝袋，是否要參加課外培訓(xùn)課程，是否需要進(jìn)步發(fā)展共享單車系統(tǒng)等。 這些議論都需要有明確的觀點(diǎn)，充分的依據(jù)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹\篇布局。對(duì)熱點(diǎn)話題、事件的評(píng)析是在事例引述、數(shù)據(jù)分析、事實(shí)佐證的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的說理。
不同于純粹的記敘文描寫， 以事抒情，側(cè)重描寫，不同于應(yīng)用文強(qiáng)調(diào)功能性和實(shí)用價(jià)值，也不同于說明文的以文解惑，闡述事物本質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)，熱點(diǎn)評(píng)論類的文章往往夾敘夾議，在描寫的基礎(chǔ)上，還要有一-定篇幅的議論，表達(dá)主張、發(fā)表意見，其過程強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯的嚴(yán)密性，要求語言精練、論證合理。
在評(píng)論中，要有論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證三個(gè)組成部分。- -般建議在引人部分Assertion part)簡述材料，并提出一個(gè)明確的中心論點(diǎn):而后按照作文要求，在鋪陳論述部分(Exposition part就自己提出的中心論點(diǎn)輔以具體的論據(jù)進(jìn)行說明;最后在結(jié)尾處(Conclusion par)再次重申論點(diǎn)提出的合理性，或給予進(jìn)步的建議、 設(shè)想。
初中階段，議論文般以“利與弊”.“贊成與反對(duì)”:“是與非”、“建議推薦”等主題眼開。
在我們議論文寫作時(shí)，以下幾點(diǎn)需要牢記在心:
1.人稱。議論文，是要自己為自己的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)，或者提出自己的看法，因此一般都是使用第一.人稱“I”。
2.分段。議論文定要分段書寫， 根據(jù)議論文的組成要素，我們一般都是按其要素劃分成三段，這樣可以使文章的結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰。
3邏輯詞的使用。議論文很大的特點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)邏輯性。因此，我們要通度使用邏輯詞、連詞等，使我們的文章前后緊密相連，環(huán)環(huán)相扣。
相關(guān)話題寫作素材必備
詞組
開始，首先to begin with ，at the very beginning
更近一步講，另外moreover, further more, additionally, besides
所以：therefore，as a result,
轉(zhuǎn)折：means while，however，nevertheless，notwithstanding
表示各種連接關(guān)系的短語
1) 先后次序關(guān)系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards后來; following this; preceding先前的
2) 因果關(guān)系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ；since；as；for；in that...；owing to由于；due to由于；for the reason that...；in view of
鑒于；the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this；therefore；...and so...；consequently；as a result；thus這樣，如此，因而；hence 因此；so；so that...；in consequence結(jié)果，結(jié)果；as a consequence；accordingly 因此，于是; inevitably必然的; under these conditions; thereupon于是as a consequence 因此
3) 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of不顧；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of不顧; yet...；and yet；but unless.
4) 并列關(guān)系：and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
5) (補(bǔ)充)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：furthermore；moreover而且，此外；further；In this way ；still；not only...but also...；not...but...；in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具體地說, next, besides；as far as... is concerned至于; moreover此外；in other words；
along this line of consideration；on (the) one hand...在一方面，on the other hand...；even；as a saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile同時(shí)；at the same time；accordingly因此；In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比較關(guān)系：similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...；likewise；similarly important；apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 對(duì)照(不同點(diǎn))：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding雖然，盡管; rather當(dāng)然，的確，寧愿，相當(dāng); neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other
way around；yet; conversely相反的；unlike；opposed to; as opposed to this與不同；in contrast (to)；by way of；on the contrary；different from this；nevertheless然而，不過，雖然如此; contrary to；whereas但是，鑒于；while；but on the other hand
8) 舉例關(guān)系:for example；for instance例如；in this case既然假若這樣; namely也就是換句話說；as you know；you may as／say；as he explains；like；such as；a case in point is一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦邮?/span>...; consider...；in particular尤其特別；including...；for one thing...首先，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly；as an illustration，I will say...；
a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...；It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)；as for; as regards；as to；according to; on this occasion.
9) 強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover(此外)；naturally; what is more important；in reality；certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably(無可置疑); other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不論怎樣); without reservation(毫無保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 條件關(guān)系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once (i)
possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.
11) 歸納總結(jié)類：in a word / in sum / in short
in brief / in conclusion / in summary
therefore因此，所以/ hence因此，今后
to sum up / to conclude
the conclusion can be drawn that
for this reason / on the whole
12) 地點(diǎn)關(guān)系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent鄰近to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的關(guān)系：with this object無證; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account由于......緣故; in case萬一; with a view to考慮到; for the same reason.
14) 重申關(guān)系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 結(jié)果關(guān)系：accordingly; thus; consequently(因此); hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 順序關(guān)系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在開始時(shí))，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward后來; after this; subsequently后來; lastly最后
相關(guān)話題寫作思路與示例指導(dǎo)
1.寫作思路
(1)審題
對(duì)于議論文這一 文體，審題的關(guān)鍵在于審清楚論點(diǎn)，也就是題目要求對(duì)于什么事情進(jìn)行議論。對(duì)于議論文論點(diǎn)的把握，我們一般可以從所給出的主題(標(biāo)題)中提取出關(guān)鍵信息。如一篇議論 文的要求中，給出的標(biāo)題是"My opinions on shared bicycles" (我對(duì)于共享單車的看法)，那么，我們不難提取出關(guān)鍵詞: shared bicycles (共享單車)。
審清楚論點(diǎn)，才能保證我們接下去的寫作切題。
(2)構(gòu)思
目前在中考中，純粹的議論文寫作已不多見，反之議論文結(jié)合記敘文的體藏確很多。因此，考生在遇到議論文的體藏時(shí)，不要忘記結(jié)合具體事例進(jìn)行定的記敘， 通過事件反映觀點(diǎn)，再通過觀點(diǎn)支撐事件。如上面提到的共享單車話題，我們就不能僅僅表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，否則作文會(huì)顯得過于空洞，而是要結(jié)合社會(huì)上我們天天能夠見到的事例來引出觀點(diǎn)，這樣才具有生活化的內(nèi)容。
(3)結(jié)構(gòu)
議論文寫作，推薦采用總一分總的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行，文章雖然可以不作明確的分節(jié)處理，但也因有層次性。般開頭總括觀點(diǎn)。 中間部分結(jié)合事例用述，最后再總結(jié)全文。這樣的作文會(huì)顯得較為完整。
2.范文賞析
題目
write at least 60 words on the topic "my opinion on getting pay for doing housework 以“我對(duì)有償做家務(wù)的看法”為題，寫一不少于60詞的短文標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格。
提示:一些家長為了鼓勵(lì)孩子參與家務(wù)活給予孩子定的報(bào)酬作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，你怎么看這件事?
(注:短文中不得出現(xiàn)任何人名、校名及其他相關(guān)信息,否則不予評(píng)分。)
1.審題:
getting paid for doing housework
2.構(gòu)思:
本文核心論點(diǎn)在"getting paid for doing housework" (有償做家務(wù))，同學(xué)們在寫作構(gòu)思時(shí)，要注意提取關(guān)鍵信息: 1) getting paid (有償) : 2) doing housework (做家務(wù))，如果作文中只注重了其中的點(diǎn)，那么就會(huì)有偏題之嫌。眾所周知，做家務(wù)時(shí)每個(gè)家庭成員 都應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的義務(wù)，能夠主動(dòng)做家務(wù)也是為人所贊譽(yù)的美德，其本身并無議論的必要，而有償做家務(wù)就不同了。有些人認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該有償，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)使人變得太過功利，本應(yīng)是主動(dòng)承擔(dān)的又務(wù)，反面變成了一種取得報(bào)酬的手段。 面有些人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該有償，這會(huì)激發(fā)人的干勁，讓人懂得份耕耘， 份收獲的道理。 出題人的本意，正在于讓考生們對(duì)于這一觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己的看法。
3.結(jié)構(gòu):
本文可采取總一分總的結(jié)構(gòu)。開頭部分可以直截了當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)出自己對(duì)于在這種現(xiàn)象的支持或反對(duì)，中間部分可以根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)作闡述，尤其注意應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合些自己或身邊 人的事例，以免作文脫離實(shí)際生活。結(jié)尾部分可以再次對(duì)于自己觀點(diǎn)和論述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
考范文及點(diǎn)評(píng):
My opinion on getting pay for doing housework
It has been on hot discussion whether children should get pay for doing housework.As far as I am concerned, getting pay for doing housework is reasonable and beneficial to children's growth.
As the only child in my family, I am always encouraged to do various kinds of housework, such as washing clothes and mopping the floor. In return, my parents give me pocket money as rewards. Through this experience, not only do I become more diligent and hardworking, but also I am able to afford what I want to buy. In addition,as the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains", I am fully aware of the value of labour and happiness in the process of doing housework
In conclusion, I firmly support the view that it is essential for children to get pay for doing housework, which contributes to our ll-round development.
寫作思路:
第一節(jié): 總括觀點(diǎn)(reasonable and beneficial) -支持
第二節(jié):閘述觀點(diǎn)。作者結(jié)合自身的實(shí)際情況，閘述了通過做家務(wù)獲得的好處: 1) become m diligent; 2) be able to afford what I want to buy; 3 be aware of the value of labour and happiness.
第三節(jié):總結(jié)全文: I firmly support the view.
好詞好句:
1. 1 has been on hot discussion whether...是否該做......正在被人們熱烈的討論......
該句是個(gè)主語從句， 由it作為形式主語出現(xiàn)，常用語文章開頭，引出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
2. As far as I am concerned..在我看來......
該句一般用于第 二節(jié)閘述具體觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候， 后面可以接上自己的看法。
3. reasonable adj. 合理的:
4. beneficial adj. 有益的:
5. be encouraged to do..被鼓勵(lì)去做某事:
6. such as...例如.... 同義詞組: for example, for instance,常用于列舉事物。
7. in return作為回報(bào)
這個(gè)短語可以用作狀語成分，常用來表達(dá)做件 事情的結(jié)果。
8. not only..but also...不僅..... ......
這個(gè)詞組用作連詞，而且文中作者正確的在not only之后使用了部分倒裝的語序，如果同學(xué)們對(duì)于倒裝句的掌握還不是很熟練的話，也可以把主語放在not only之前，使用正常的句子語序即可。
9. as the old saying goes...古語有.....
這個(gè)句型常用來引用名人名言等，用在作文中可以有力的支持論點(diǎn)。
10. be aware of..意識(shí)到.....
11. in conclusion總而言之
這個(gè)短語常用于結(jié)尾，用于對(duì)全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
12. which contributes to our all-round development..這是一 個(gè)非限制性定語 從句，用于修飾前面的觀點(diǎn)。
《中考英語作文：議論文體素材儲(chǔ)備與寫作指導(dǎo)》添加時(shí)間：2025-01-10；更新時(shí)間：2025-03-15
