中考英語作文：議論文體素材儲備與寫作指導 <a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNifoRm.html>蘇州小學生作文培訓</a>
議論文體素材儲備與寫作指導 <a Href=http://www.zequeka.cn/minifoRm.html>蘇州作文輔導班</a>
體裁解讀 <a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNiform.html>蘇州作文培訓</a>
議論文體對事件作出點評，表達觀點，是日常語言表達的種常見形式. 對于習作面言財常以議論文的形式為其載體。熱點就是日常生活中些有爭議的話題， 學生圍繞這些話隨用述自己的觀點。常見的話題往往涉及學習生活、環(huán)保、未來規(guī)劃等，例如:是否要使用塑料包裝袋，是否要參加課外培訓課程，是否需要進步發(fā)展共享單車系統(tǒng)等。 這些議論都需要有明確的觀點，充分的依據，嚴謹?shù)闹\篇布局。對熱點話題、事件的評析是在事例引述、數(shù)據分析、事實佐證的基礎上進行的說理。
不同于純粹的記敘文描寫， 以事抒情，側重描寫，不同于應用文強調功能性和實用價值，也不同于說明文的以文解惑，闡述事物本質的特點，熱點評論類的文章往往夾敘夾議，在描寫的基礎上，還要有一-定篇幅的議論，表達主張、發(fā)表意見，其過程強調邏輯的嚴密性，要求語言精練、論證合理。
在評論中，要有論點、論據和論證三個組成部分。- -般建議在引人部分Assertion part)簡述材料，并提出一個明確的中心論點:而后按照作文要求，在鋪陳論述部分(Exposition part就自己提出的中心論點輔以具體的論據進行說明;最后在結尾處(Conclusion par)再次重申論點提出的合理性，或給予進步的建議、 設想。
初中階段，議論文般以“利與弊”.“贊成與反對”:“是與非”、“建議推薦”等主題眼開。
在我們議論文寫作時，以下幾點需要牢記在心:
1.人稱。議論文，是要自己為自己的某個觀點辯護，或者提出自己的看法，因此一般都是使用第一.人稱“I”。
2.分段。議論文定要分段書寫， 根據議論文的組成要素，我們一般都是按其要素劃分成三段，這樣可以使文章的結構更加清晰。
3邏輯詞的使用。議論文很大的特點就是強調邏輯性。因此，我們要通度使用邏輯詞、連詞等，使我們的文章前后緊密相連，環(huán)環(huán)相扣。
相關話題寫作素材必備
詞組
開始，首先to begin with ，at the very beginning
更近一步講，另外moreover, further more, additionally, besides
所以：therefore，as a result,
轉折：means while，however，nevertheless，notwithstanding
表示各種連接關系的短語
1) 先后次序關系：at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards后來; following this; preceding先前的
2) 因果關系：because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ；since；as；for；in that...；owing to由于；due to由于；for the reason that...；in view of
鑒于；the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this；therefore；...and so...；consequently；as a result；thus這樣，如此，因而；hence 因此；so；so that...；in consequence結果，結果；as a consequence；accordingly 因此，于是; inevitably必然的; under these conditions; thereupon于是as a consequence 因此
3) 轉折關系：but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of不顧；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of不顧; yet...；and yet；but unless.
4) 并列關系：and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
5) (補充)遞進關系：furthermore；moreover而且，此外；further；In this way ；still；not only...but also...；not...but...；in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具體地說, next, besides；as far as... is concerned至于; moreover此外；in other words；
along this line of consideration；on (the) one hand...在一方面，on the other hand...；even；as a saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile同時；at the same time；accordingly因此；In the first place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比較關系：similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；when in fact...; like...；likewise；similarly important；apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 對照(不同點)：yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding雖然，盡管; rather當然，的確，寧愿，相當; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other
way around；yet; conversely相反的；unlike；opposed to; as opposed to this與不同；in contrast (to)；by way of；on the contrary；different from this；nevertheless然而，不過，雖然如此; contrary to；whereas但是，鑒于；while；but on the other hand
8) 舉例關系:for example；for instance例如；in this case既然假若這樣; namely也就是換句話說；as you know；you may as／say；as he explains；like；such as；a case in point is一個恰當?shù)睦邮?/span>...; consider...；in particular尤其特別；including...；for one thing...首先，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly；as an illustration，I will say...；
a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...；It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)；as for; as regards；as to；according to; on this occasion.
9) 強調關系：in fact; especially；particularly；moreover(此外)；naturally; what is more important；in reality；certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably(無可置疑); other thing being equal；it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不論怎樣); without reservation(毫無保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...
10) 條件關系: if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once (i)
possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.
11) 歸納總結類：in a word / in sum / in short
in brief / in conclusion / in summary
therefore因此，所以/ hence因此，今后
to sum up / to conclude
the conclusion can be drawn that
for this reason / on the whole
12) 地點關系：beyond; opposite to; adjacent鄰近to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的關系：with this object無證; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account由于......緣故; in case萬一; with a view to考慮到; for the same reason.
14) 重申關系：in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 結果關系：accordingly; thus; consequently(因此); hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.
16) 順序關系：first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在開始時)，following this; at this time; now; at this point; after; afterward后來; after this; subsequently后來; lastly最后
相關話題寫作思路與示例指導
1.寫作思路
(1)審題
對于議論文這一 文體，審題的關鍵在于審清楚論點，也就是題目要求對于什么事情進行議論。對于議論文論點的把握，我們一般可以從所給出的主題(標題)中提取出關鍵信息。如一篇議論 文的要求中，給出的標題是"My opinions on shared bicycles" (我對于共享單車的看法)，那么，我們不難提取出關鍵詞: shared bicycles (共享單車)。
審清楚論點，才能保證我們接下去的寫作切題。
(2)構思
目前在中考中，純粹的議論文寫作已不多見，反之議論文結合記敘文的體藏確很多。因此，考生在遇到議論文的體藏時，不要忘記結合具體事例進行定的記敘， 通過事件反映觀點，再通過觀點支撐事件。如上面提到的共享單車話題，我們就不能僅僅表達自己的觀點，否則作文會顯得過于空洞，而是要結合社會上我們天天能夠見到的事例來引出觀點，這樣才具有生活化的內容。
(3)結構
議論文寫作，推薦采用總一分總的結構進行，文章雖然可以不作明確的分節(jié)處理，但也因有層次性。般開頭總括觀點。 中間部分結合事例用述，最后再總結全文。這樣的作文會顯得較為完整。
2.范文賞析
題目
write at least 60 words on the topic "my opinion on getting pay for doing housework 以“我對有償做家務的看法”為題，寫一不少于60詞的短文標點符號不占格。
提示:一些家長為了鼓勵孩子參與家務活給予孩子定的報酬作為獎勵，你怎么看這件事?
(注:短文中不得出現(xiàn)任何人名、校名及其他相關信息,否則不予評分。)
1.審題:
getting paid for doing housework
2.構思:
本文核心論點在"getting paid for doing housework" (有償做家務)，同學們在寫作構思時，要注意提取關鍵信息: 1) getting paid (有償) : 2) doing housework (做家務)，如果作文中只注重了其中的點，那么就會有偏題之嫌。眾所周知，做家務時每個家庭成員 都應該承擔的義務，能夠主動做家務也是為人所贊譽的美德，其本身并無議論的必要，而有償做家務就不同了。有些人認為不應該有償，因為這會使人變得太過功利，本應是主動承擔的又務，反面變成了一種取得報酬的手段。 面有些人認為應該有償，這會激發(fā)人的干勁，讓人懂得份耕耘， 份收獲的道理。 出題人的本意，正在于讓考生們對于這一觀點發(fā)表自己的看法。
3.結構:
本文可采取總一分總的結構。開頭部分可以直截了當?shù)谋磉_出自己對于在這種現(xiàn)象的支持或反對，中間部分可以根據自己的觀點作闡述，尤其注意應當結合些自己或身邊 人的事例，以免作文脫離實際生活。結尾部分可以再次對于自己觀點和論述內容進行總結。
考范文及點評:
My opinion on getting pay for doing housework
It has been on hot discussion whether children should get pay for doing housework.As far as I am concerned, getting pay for doing housework is reasonable and beneficial to children's growth.
As the only child in my family, I am always encouraged to do various kinds of housework, such as washing clothes and mopping the floor. In return, my parents give me pocket money as rewards. Through this experience, not only do I become more diligent and hardworking, but also I am able to afford what I want to buy. In addition,as the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains", I am fully aware of the value of labour and happiness in the process of doing housework
In conclusion, I firmly support the view that it is essential for children to get pay for doing housework, which contributes to our ll-round development.
寫作思路:
第一節(jié): 總括觀點(reasonable and beneficial) -支持
第二節(jié):閘述觀點。作者結合自身的實際情況，閘述了通過做家務獲得的好處: 1) become m diligent; 2) be able to afford what I want to buy; 3 be aware of the value of labour and happiness.
第三節(jié):總結全文: I firmly support the view.
好詞好句:
1. 1 has been on hot discussion whether...是否該做......正在被人們熱烈的討論......
該句是個主語從句， 由it作為形式主語出現(xiàn)，常用語文章開頭，引出自己的觀點。
2. As far as I am concerned..在我看來......
該句一般用于第 二節(jié)閘述具體觀點的時候， 后面可以接上自己的看法。
3. reasonable adj. 合理的:
4. beneficial adj. 有益的:
5. be encouraged to do..被鼓勵去做某事:
6. such as...例如.... 同義詞組: for example, for instance,常用于列舉事物。
7. in return作為回報
這個短語可以用作狀語成分，常用來表達做件 事情的結果。
8. not only..but also...不僅..... ......
這個詞組用作連詞，而且文中作者正確的在not only之后使用了部分倒裝的語序，如果同學們對于倒裝句的掌握還不是很熟練的話，也可以把主語放在not only之前，使用正常的句子語序即可。
9. as the old saying goes...古語有.....
這個句型常用來引用名人名言等，用在作文中可以有力的支持論點。
10. be aware of..意識到.....
11. in conclusion總而言之
這個短語常用于結尾，用于對全文進行總結。
12. which contributes to our all-round development..這是一 個非限制性定語 從句，用于修飾前面的觀點。
《中考英語作文：議論文體素材儲備與寫作指導》添加時間：2025-01-10；更新時間：2025-03-15
