中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(一) 審題錯誤 <a Href=http://www.zequeka.cn/minifoRm.html>蘇州作文輔導班</a>
要點領悟
與漢語作文一樣,英語書面表達的審題也十分重要。審題包括此篇文章要傳遞給讀者什么樣的信息,告誡讀者什么(即寫作目的)。由于英語書面表達的篇幅很有限,所以要求作者在寫作時要精心組織材料,緊扣主題。
<a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNiFoRm.html>蘇州中考語文培訓</a>
信息提示
太白山是陜西著名的森林游覽勝地。一年四季都有其獨特的景色(scene)。不過,游覽太白山的最佳時機是春天。每當春天來臨,青山滴翠,美麗的景色吸引了許多游客前來踏青觀光?？蓭啄昵?游人不注意保護環(huán)境,亂扔垃圾,攀折樹枝花草,獵殺野鳥,點火野餐,致使環(huán)境一度惡化。請你寫篇報道,說明太白山旅游環(huán)境的變化。
習作實況
Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province. It has its special scenes all the year round, and spring is the best time to visit it. When spring comes, the days get longer and longer and the weather get warmer and warmer. Trees are beginning to turn green, and flowers come out. Everything begins to grow (1). The mountains are covered with a lot of green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers. It is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day. But a few years ago, some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment. They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, fruit skins and waste paper on the ground. They don’t know that cleaners work from morning till night to sweep away the rubbish and waste things (2). Sometimes they broke some branches, picked flowers and even killed birds. Some even made fires in the forest to cook food. How dangerous it was! Luckily enough, the local government has begun to do something to stop polluting the area. Great changes have taken place here. New roads and nice hotels have been built; trees and flowers are planted around them. Visitors are asked to take plastic bags and put their rubbish in them (3). <a hReF=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNiform.html>蘇州作文培訓哪里好</a>
精講點撥
(1)這一部分應當刪掉。文章應圍繞太白山景區(qū)的景色和環(huán)境保護主題展開,與太白山有關的春景可以略寫,但不宜用太多的筆墨去描繪春天,這不僅加長了篇幅,也沖淡了主題。
(2)這一部分也應當刪掉。因為,這里批評了游客亂扔垃圾的不良現(xiàn)象,由于篇幅的限制,沒有必要再去談論清潔工是如何清理這些垃圾的。
(3)這一部分同樣需要刪掉。根據(jù)上文不難看出,本文主要談論太白山旅游區(qū)的環(huán)境污染問題,以及政府采取措施后環(huán)境的變化。沒有必要去描述基礎設施的變化?？偠灾?英文作文中,應特別注意避免想起什么寫什么,隨意發(fā)揮,淡化主題。
精彩例文
Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province. It has its special scenes all the year round, and spring is the best time to visit it. When spring comes, the mountains are covered with a great many green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers. It is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day. But a few years ago, some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment. They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, fruit skins and waste paper on the ground. Sometimes they broke some branches, picked flowers and even killed birds. Some even made fires in the forest to cook food. How dangerous it was! Luckily enough, the local government has begun to do something to stop polluting the area. Great changes have taken place here.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析（二）文不達意
【要點領悟】
在英語書面表達的提示信息中,常有這樣的語句“可適當增加細節(jié)”或“可適當發(fā)揮”,但所增加的內(nèi)容應該與文章相關。如果所“發(fā)揮”的內(nèi)容與文章無關,就是“畫蛇添足”了。
【信息提示】
根據(jù)下面的4幅圖畫用英語寫一篇短文,要求故事包括所有圖畫的主要內(nèi)容,可以適當增加細節(jié),使意思連貫。詞數(shù)在100以上。
【習作實況】
One day, an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn’t move. But to everyone’s anger, the car ran away as quickly as it could. The old woman had to lie on the ground and cried (1). Luckily, a man, who was sweeping the street nearby, saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. He was angry with the driver (2). Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that, the dustman took her home. When the old woman’s daughter knew what had happened to her mother, she was moved deeply and thanked him very much. After a while the dustman left and went to do his work. The daughter thanked him again (3).
【精講點撥】
(1)此句與圖中提示不相符,應刪去。
(2)此處加寫這句屬多余,也與圖畫內(nèi)容不符。
(3)文章寫到“...very much.”處已經(jīng)很完整了,加上這一句使行文顯得重復、累贅。
【精品范文】
One day, an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in her hand. She went to do some shopping. Just then a car came up and she was knocked down onto the ground. She was badly injured and couldn’t move a little. Luckily, a man, who was sweeping the street nearby, saw this. He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up. Then he took her to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care. After that, the dustman took her home. When the old woman’s daughter knew what had happened to her mother, she was moved deeply and thanked him very much.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(三) 名詞單復數(shù)
【要點領悟】
同學們在寫作時,往往把重點放在文章的構思和句子結構上,有時忽略了名詞的單復數(shù)。在中考作文中,如果名詞的數(shù)使用混亂,也會導致較多的失分。
【信息提示】
假如你是吳強,去年春天和幾位同學到東浦島野餐,以“The happiest day”為題寫一篇80-100詞的作文。要求條理清晰、意思連貫、語句通順、標點規(guī)范。
【習作實況】
The happiest day
Last spring my classmate (1) and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink.
We sang happily on our ways (2) there. After about one and a half hour (3), we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grasses (4) all around us. How beautiful it was! After about twenty minute’s (5) rest, we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while, everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat, fish, fruit and vegetable (6). How delicious they were! We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s faces (7).
【精講點撥】
(1)classmate在本句中看不出錯誤來,如果結合第二段的... four groups就可發(fā)現(xiàn)classmate要用復數(shù)形式。
(2)在on one’s way 結構中,way 沒有復數(shù)形式。
(3)這兒不是半個小時,而是一個半小時,所以hour要用復數(shù)。
(4)此處指普通的草,多用單數(shù)。
(5)此處應將minute’s改為minutes’,即twenty minutes’ rest。
(6)此處應用vegetable的復數(shù)形式vegetables。
(7)這兒指的是每個人的臉上,應將faces改為face。
【精品范文】
The happiest day
Last spring my classmates and I went to Dongpu Island to have a picnic. It was March 2. The weather was fine and there was hardly a cloud in the sky. We started early that morning. We all carried something nice to eat and drink.
We sang happily on the way there. After about one and a half hours, we got to the island. The water in the lake was nice and clean and we could see flowers and grass all around us. How beautiful it was! After about twenty minutes’ rest, we divided ourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch. Most of us did the cooking for the first time. After a while, everything was ready. We put all the food on a big piece of paper. There was meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. How delicious they were! We enjoyed our lunch and there was a big smile on everyone’s face.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(四) 文體格式錯誤
要點領悟
英文日記的寫作在全國各地中考書面表達題中占有較大的比例。它屬于應用文的一種,這類書面表達題可以是提示性作文,也可以是看圖(表)作文,無論是哪種形式,都要求按日記的格式進行寫作。寫作前都要仔細審題,抓住要點,理清敘述的順序。
信息提示
2008年3月12日是星期一,也是植樹節(jié)。那天天氣晴朗,上午8點半,老師和同學們在校門口集合,步行去西山植樹。植樹前,老師告訴同學們樹木可以凈化空氣、防風固土、美化環(huán)境,并要求每人栽五棵小樹。同學們干得都很賣力。班長林濤不顧生病,完成自己的任務后,又幫助其他人,他是我們學習的好榜樣。請根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容,寫一篇日記。
習作實況
2008.3.12 Monday (1)
Sunny (2)
Dear friends (3),
It is March 12th today. At half past eight, all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate. Then we went on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees. Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees. He said that trees can help to keep the air clean, protect us from strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful. Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at least five trees.
After that we started working. Some strong boys dug holes, some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes. We all worked hard. Among us, Lin Tao, our monitor set a good example to us. Though he was ill, he worked harder. When he finished his task, he went on to help others. He was wet all over after work. Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily.
Truly yours, (4)
Mary Baker (5)
精講點撥
(1)將日記的日期2008.3.12 Monday 改為 Monday, March 12th, 2008或March 12th, 2008, Monday。寫英文日記時應注意以下兩點:英文日記的格式與中文日記的格式相差不大。日期和星期應寫在第一行的左上角頂格位置,日期和星期的寫法應注意:年、月、日俱全時,可按月、日、年或日、月、年的次序?qū)憽Ｈ?March 12th, 2008或12th March, 2008; 只有月、日時,其順序為月、日,月份可用縮略式。如:September 20th或Sept. 20th;如果要寫明星期幾,可將其放在日期的前面或后面。如:Friday, Oct. 20, 2008或Oct. 20, 2008, Friday。(2)寫日記時,天氣狀況應寫在日期的右邊且靠右頂格,而不是寫在日期的下面。天氣狀況一般用形容詞表示。如:Fine (晴),Sunny(晴), Rainy(雨), Snowy (雪), Windy(多風), Cloudy(多云)等。
(3)本文要求寫一篇日記,而不是書信。Dear friends是用在寫信時的稱呼語,在寫日記時應去掉。
(4)和(5)都是書信的落款格式,不能用在日記的寫作中,要去掉。在寫作文時,同學們一定要熟練掌握書信和日記的寫作格式,不能混淆。
精彩例文
Monday,March12th, 2007 Sunny
It is March 12th today. At half past eight, all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate. Then we went on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees.
Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees. He said that trees can help to keep the air clean, protect us from strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful. Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at least five trees.
After that we started working. Some strong boys dug holes, some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes. We all worked hard. Among us, Lin Tao, our monitor set a good example to us. Though he was ill, he worked harder. When he finished his task, he went on to help others. He was wet all over after work. Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(五) 用詞不當
要點領悟】
文章構思新穎、結構嚴謹固然重要,但它只是文章的骨架。要充實內(nèi)容,就得有一定的遣詞造句的功力,在此基礎知識就顯得尤為重要了。
【信息提示】
李華平時總是忙于功課,很少做家務。母親節(jié)這一天,她想幫媽媽做飯,卻不小心切了手指,本想讓媽媽在節(jié)日期間好好休息,卻未能如愿。以“On Mother’s Day”為題寫一篇詞數(shù)為80-100的短文。要求條理清晰、意思連貫、語句通順、標點正確。
【習作實況】
On Mother's Day
I'm usually busy with my studies and do few (1) housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead (2) her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables, fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well like (3) Mum. Bad luck! I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed into (4) and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back, dinner (5) ready. I felt sorry and said, “Mum had a busy Mother's Day again!”
【精講點撥】
(1)housework是不可數(shù)名詞,應用little來修飾。(2)instead是副詞,后不能接賓語,這兒應該用instead of。
(3)like雖然可用作介詞,意為“像”,但這兒是as... as...結構,因此此處應改為as well as...。
(4)into是介詞,其后要接賓語,但句中無賓語,所以改為副詞in。
(5)ready是形容詞,不能單獨作謂語,所以其前要加was。
【精品范文】
On Mother’s Day
I'm usually busy with my studies and do little housework when I come back from school. It was Mother's Day yesterday. I wanted Mum to have a good rest and I did all instead of her. I got up early yesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables, fish and meat in the market. I washed them and then began to cook. I was sure I could do as well as Mum. Bad luck! I cut one of my fingers and cried out. Mum and Dad rushed in and Mum asked Dad to take me to the hospital. When we came back, dinner was ready. I felt sorry and said, “Mum had a busy Mother's Day again!”
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(六) 漢式英語
要點領悟
不同的民族有不同的語言表達習慣。我國學生在用英語寫作時由于受漢語表達習慣的影響,加之對英語詞語的真正含義把握不準,往往拿漢語去套英語,結果寫出的文章到處都是漢式英語(Chinglish)。這樣的文章,只有中國人能看懂,外國人看不懂。這就達不到與外國人交流思想的目的。要改變這種狀況,一是要準確把握英語詞語的含義,二是要排除漢語表達習慣的干擾。這樣才能寫出地道的英語文章。
信息提示
你家里養(yǎng)了一只貓,她很小,也很可愛。由于她的存在,你們?nèi)胰硕己芸鞓贰Ｗ蛱焱砩夏闳ド痰杲o她買食物,在回家的路上下起了大雨。當你到家時,你渾身都濕透了。雖然淋了雨,但是你很高興。不管怎么說,小貓不用挨餓了。
習作實況
My home (1) raises a lovely small cat. My family are always happy because of her. I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday night (2). Unluckily, there was a big rain (3) on my way home. When I got home, I was all wet (4). Although I was wet, but (5) I was very happy. No matter how to say (6), the cat would not be hungry.
精講點撥
上面的這篇習作雖然我們都能看懂是什么意思,但由于受漢語思維的影響,里面充滿了因文化差異而產(chǎn)生的錯誤。
(1) “home”的漢語意思雖然也是“家”,但它指“家”時一般只指地點而不指人。根據(jù)英語習慣該句應改為My family has a lovely small cat或We keep a lovely small cat at home。
(2) “昨天晚上”要么表達為yesterday evening,要么表達為last night。但根據(jù)語境,這里用前者較合適。
(3) 根據(jù)英語表達習慣,“一場大雨”應表達為a heavy rain,而不是a big rain。
(4) be all wet的意思是“完全錯了”。要表達“全身濕透了”,可以用wet through或completely wet。
(5) 由于受漢語“雖然……但是”結構的影響而出錯。在英語中,although和but在一個句子中不能連用。
(6) 這里要表達“不管怎么說”,可以用anyway或anyhow,文中的表達顯然屬于漢式英語。
精彩例文
We keep a lovely small cat at home. My family are always happy because of her. I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday evening. Unluckily, there was a heavy rain on my way home. When I got home, I was wet through. Although I was wet, I was very happy. Anyway, the cat would not be hungry.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(七) 習慣用法和固定搭配
【要點領悟】
有的同學在寫作時常常把一些習慣用語、固定詞組及結構錯誤搭配,結果寫出來的句子讓人看不懂。我們在平時若將這些英語基礎知識牢固掌握,考試時就會得心應手、從容自若。
【信息提示】
2005年10月1日 星期六 睛
昨天你叔叔打電話來,請你找?guī)讉€朋友去他農(nóng)場收桔子。于是今天早上6點,你和朋友就坐汽車出發(fā)了。一到農(nóng)場便開始干活。桔子樹上結滿了桔子,你們又摘桔子又裝車,忙完后在那兒吃了午餐,還吃了不少桔子。下午坐卡車回家。你們雖然忙了一天,卻感到非?？鞓贰?br/>請根據(jù)以上提示寫一篇80詞左右的英語日記。請注意日記的格式。
【習作實況】
October 1, 2005, Saturday Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said in the phone (1) that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends.
Today morning (2) we left home at 6:00. We went there by a bus (3). The trees in (4) the farm were really full with (5) oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had the lunch (6) at my uncle’s house. We had many oranges, too. In the afternoon, we came back home by truck. We were busy today, but we were happy.
【精講點撥】
(1) “在電話里說……”應用介詞on。
(2) “今天上午”的英語說法是this morning。
(3) by+交通工具名詞時,其間不用冠詞或其他修飾詞。
(4) “在農(nóng)場里”介詞用on,應是on the farm。
(5) “……充(結)滿……”有兩種表示方法,be full of ... 或be filled with...。
(6) 英語中在表示吃一日三餐時,三餐前不加冠詞。
【精品范文】
October 1, 2005, Saturday Sunny
My uncle called me yesterday. He said on the phone that he had an orange harvest. He needed some help. He asked me to go there with my friends.
This morning we left home at 6:00. We went there by bus. The trees on the farm were really full of oranges. When we got there, we began to work at once. We picked a lot of oranges and put them in the boxes. Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck. After work, we had lunch at my uncle’s house. We had many oranges, too. In the afternoon, we came back home by truck.
We were busy today, but we were happy.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(八) 詞匯使用錯誤
要點領悟
很多考生在中考書面表達中,常常會錯用一些詞語,使得評卷老師不知其所云,得分自然不會高。因此,我們在平時的習作訓練中就要特別留意詞匯的正確使用。
信息提示
李小莉的一個名叫Mary Baker的筆友給她回了一封電子郵件,談到她對中國的喜愛和向往。請以“An e-mail from an American pen pal”為標題寫一封電子郵件。郵件的開頭已給出(不計入總詞數(shù))。
From: marybaker0892@yahoo.com
To: lixiaolibjcn@163.com
Subject: My wish
_____________________________________________________-
_____________________________________________________
要求:
1. 意思連貫、符合邏輯、書寫工整;
2. 詞數(shù):85左右。
習作實況
From: marybaker0892@yahoo.com
To: lixiaolibjcn@163.com
Subject: My wish
Dear Li Xiaoli,
I’m glad to receive your e-mail. I’ve showed it to my friends. Everyone (1) of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries in the world. We’ve known much about your country for years, but we have not chance (2) to go there. We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on TV. So I think China is worth to visit(3). I bought a book on China and study it when I’m free. I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you to visit (4) our country sometimes (5) in the future.
Truly yours,
Mary Baker
精講點撥
1. everyone是不定代詞,它可以用作主語,但不能和含of的介詞短語連用。此處應把Everyone分開,即Every one,或者用Each來替換它。但要注意,這里不能用Every,因為它不能用作主語。
2. chance表示“機會”的意思講時是可數(shù)名詞,須和冠詞連用。由于該句是否定句,如果在它前面加上any,它需要變成復數(shù)。最便捷的辦法是,把not換成no,表示not a,如果no后接的名詞是復數(shù),它則表示not any。
3. 考生對worth一詞的用法顯然不清楚。worth常用于be worth doing這一結構。be worth后不能接動詞不定式,而要接V-ing形式。因此,應當把to visit改為visiting。
4. hope一詞不能用于hope sb. to do sth.結構,如果要表達“希望某人做某事”要用hope接that從句。因此要將you to visit改為you can visit。
5. 應將sometimes改為sometime。sometimes意為“有時”,而sometime 的意思是“某個時間”,指某個不確定或未說明的時間。
精彩例文
From: marybaker0892@yahoo.com
To: lixiaolibjcn@163.com
Subject: My wish
Dear Li Xiaoli,
I’m glad to receive your e-mail. I’ve showed it to my friends. Every one of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries. We’ve known much about your country for years, but we have no chance to go there. We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on TV. So I think China is worth visiting. I bought a book on China and study it when I’m free. I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you can visit our country sometime in the future.
Truly yours,
Mary Baker
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(九) 句型結構、固定搭配錯誤
要點領悟
馬克思生在德國,他非常擅長學習語言。他不僅能自如地運用英語,而且只用了六個月時間就掌握了足夠的俄文,能閱讀俄文版的報刊和雜志。不過,他在介紹英語學習的經(jīng)驗時,也曾訴苦說:“I am not too sure about two things, the grammar and some of the idioms.”。英語學習中,句型結構和固定搭配的確是初學者的“攔路虎”。
信息提示
眾所周知吸煙有害健康。請以“Smoking is harmful to health”為題寫一篇至少100詞的英語短文,來介紹一下吸煙的危害,以喚起人們戒煙。
習作實況
Smoking is harmful to health
As (1) is known to all that smoking is bad for health. In China there have (2) millions of smokers. Each year millions of people die from smoking.
Smoking makes many people ill. Those who often smoke have black teeth. Lots of smokers cough day and night. Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking. Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.
Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children. They may have their health harm (3) because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.
Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to giving up smoking (4). I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoying (5) clean and fresh air together.
精講點撥
(1)將As改為It?！癐t is known to all that+從句”是一個固定結構。意思是“眾所周知……”。
(2)句型there is/are表示“某地有某物”，該句型強調(diào)“存在”，而have/has常用來表達“某人有某物”，強調(diào)“所有”，其主語通常是人。因此，將have改為are。
(3)將harm改為harmed?！癶ave sth. done”是一個固定結構,意思是“使 / 讓某物遭受……”。本句的意思是“吸煙產(chǎn)生的毒氣很可能使他們(婦女、兒童)的健康遭受到侵害”,因為health被smoke損害,因此,要用過去分詞harmed,以表示被動的含義。
(4)英語中表達“某人做某事很不容易”常用句型“It is not easy for sb. to do sth.”。 應將giving up smoking改為give up smoking。
(5)let’s后要跟動詞原形構成“Let’s do sth.”結構。應將enjoying改為enjoy。
精彩例文
Smoking is harmful to health
It is known to all that smoking is bad for health. In China there are millions of smokers. Each year millions of people die from smoking.
Smoking makes many people ill. Those who often smoke have black teeth. Lots of smokers cough day and night. Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking. Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.
Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children. They may have their health harmed because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.
Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to give up smoking. I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them. Let’s enjoy clean and fresh air together.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(十) 人稱和時態(tài)誤用
要點領悟
人稱和時態(tài)的誤用是英語書面表達中最為常見的錯誤。英文寫作對人稱和時態(tài)的要求很嚴格。常用的時態(tài)有八種之多,初中階段最常見有六種動詞時態(tài)。在寫作時,英語初學者要準確判斷一個動作應該用哪種時態(tài)來表示。首先要判斷動作發(fā)生的時間是現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來,注意動作是在進行還是已經(jīng)完成等,據(jù)此確定該用什么時態(tài);然后,要熟練掌握各種時態(tài)所必須使用的謂語動詞結構和詞形變化;整篇文章完成后,要檢查“時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致”等是否正確。這樣就可以少犯錯誤。
信息提示
電腦是當代的高科技產(chǎn)品(a high-tech product),在我們的生活中越來越普及,幾乎深入到每個家庭。電腦可以幫我們處理(handle)很多事情。列舉一些事例,寫一篇關于電腦在日常生活中的用途的文章,說明電腦的利弊。
習作實況
The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that they are (1) seen in almost every family. It is playing an important role in our everyday life. The computer will help (2) us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.
But we also know that the computer was (3) bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’. Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly. Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games. So if you will want (4) to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain (獲取) some useful knowledge when we (5) are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well. Only in this way can you have a bright future.
精講點撥
(1)作者在文章開頭使用了the computer一詞,來代表電腦這一類產(chǎn)品。因此,that從句中如果使用they are,就和句首的主語the computer(單數(shù)名詞)不一致,因此應將they are 改為it is。
(2)眾所周知,電腦在我們的日常生活中正在起著很重要的作用。因此,不能理解成電腦將要幫助我們處理很多事務,而是現(xiàn)在(每天)電腦都在幫助人們處理日常事務,這種help是經(jīng)常的,反復發(fā)生的,應用一般現(xiàn)在時。因此,要改為 helps。
(3)我們看到的事實是,電腦在為人們做了大量的好事的同時,也給人們帶來了麻煩。而且,這種困擾現(xiàn)在就存在,即:電腦天天在損害我們的健康和眼睛。應用一般現(xiàn)在時is。
(4) want一詞一般沒有將來時。另外,本句是由if引導的條件狀語從句,按英語的時態(tài)規(guī)則“主句用一般將來時,從句應用一般現(xiàn)在時”。 將will want改為want。
(5)將we改為you。從本句的條件句可以看出,“如果你在年輕的時候,既想學到知識,又想擁有一雙明亮的眼睛,你就記住,玩電腦可不要超越底線?！痹谶@里,前后句的人稱要保持一致。
精彩例文
The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that it is seen in almost every family. It is playing an important role in our everyday life. The computer helps us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.
But we also know that the computer is bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’. Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly. Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games. So if you want to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain some useful knowledge when you are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well. Only in this way can you have a bright future.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(十一) 語態(tài)錯誤
【要點領悟】
英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),主要由動詞的變化形式來體現(xiàn)。英語中有些不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組,漢語理解往往是及物的,而不及物動詞卻有漢語中及物動詞的意思,所以同學們在平時的英語學習中要特別注意這一點。
【信息提示】
比較下面兩幅圖片。請以“Great Changes in Our Country”為題寫一篇短文,介紹改革開放20多年來祖國的巨大的變化。詞數(shù)80左右。
提示詞: overpass 天橋
【習作實況】
Great Changes in Our Country
Great changes have been (1) taken place in our country. Many buildings have been builded (2) in cities and towns, even at villages. The more cars we have, the more crowded the roads are. So the roads were become (3) wider and wider. Many overpasses have been builded (4) in big cities. Chinese people’s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs, washing machines, fridges, computers, cars, etc. These things couldn’t buy (5) twenty years ago.
We’ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.
【精講點撥】
(1)take place是不及物動詞短語,沒有被動語態(tài)。
(2)、(4) 被動語態(tài)的過去分詞用得不對。
(3)動詞become在這里是系動詞,后接形容詞比較級作表語。系動詞通常沒有被動語態(tài)。
(5)此處應用被動式couldn’t be bought。
【精品范文】
Great Changes in Our Country
Great changes have taken place in our country. Many buildings have been built in cities and towns, even at villages. The more cars we have, the more crowded the roads are. So the roads became wider and wider. Many overpasses have been built in big cities.
Chinese people’s life is better now. We can buy things that we need in every part of the country. We have TVs, washing machines, fridges, computers, cars, etc. These things couldn’t be bought twenty years ago.
We’ll study harder and make our country stronger and more beautiful.
中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(十二) 母語干擾
【要點領悟】
許多同學在用英語寫作時很容易受漢語的影響而寫錯句子,即寫所謂的Chinglish。這是書面表達中常見的錯誤之一。
【信息提示】
請你根據(jù)實際情況,以“My School Life”為題寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文。
【習作實況】
My School Life
I’m a middle school student. Although our school is very usual (1), but (2) it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers.
The here (3) air is very fresh. In the morning, lots of schoolmates (4) early (5) go to school and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All of the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that, someone (6) are reading in the library, others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6:00. Oh! How colorful my school life is!
【精講點撥】
(1)作者顯然想表達“學校很一般或普通”,此處最好用common一詞,而usual意思是“通常的”。
(2)受漢語“雖然……但是……”的影響,作者將這一意思直接譯成英語“although…but…”,而在英語同一句子中只用這兩個詞的其中之一表示漢語的“雖然……但是……”。
(3)here是副詞,用來修飾名詞時應位于被修飾詞之后。
(4)schoolmate指校友、同學,通常不包含自己在內(nèi),改為students好些,指全校學生。
(5)“早早到?！钡挠⒄Z表達是go to school early, 副詞early應位于句末。
(6)someone意思是“某人”,要改為some students。
【精品范文】
My School Life
I’m a middle school student. Although our school is very common, it’s beautiful in my heart. The school is covered with tall trees and beautiful flowers.
The air here is very fresh. In the morning, lots of students go to school early and do some exercises. Usually we have breakfast after our first class. All the students take morning exercises on the playground after two classes. After that, some students are reading in the library, others are playing and talking on the playground. We have three classes in the afternoon and do some sports that we like after school and go home at about 6:00. Oh! How colorful my school life is!
《中考英語書面表達常見錯誤分析(一) 審題錯誤》添加時間：2025-01-13；更新時間：2025-03-15
