地形第十X. Terrain
孫子曰：地形有通者、有掛者、有支者、有隘者、有險者、有遠(yuǎn)者。
Sun Tzu said： We may distinguish six kinds of terrain， to wit： （1） Accessible ground； （2） entangling ground； （3） temporizing ground； （4） narrow passes； （5） precipitous heights； （6） positions at a great distance from the enemy.
我可以往，彼可以來，曰通。
Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible.
通形者，先居高陽，利糧道，以戰(zhàn)則利。
With regard to ground of this nature， be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots， and carefully guard your line of supplies. Then you will be able to fight with advantage.
可以往，難以返，曰掛。
Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re-occupy is called entangling.
掛形者，敵無備，出而勝之，敵若有備，出而不勝，難以返，不利。
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From a position of this sort， if the enemy is unprepared， you may sally forth and defeat him. But if the enemy is prepared for your coming， and you fail to defeat him，then， return being impossible， disaster will ensue.
我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。
When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move， it is called temporizing ground.
支形者，敵雖利我，我無出也，引而去之，令敵半出而擊之利。
In a position of this sort， even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait， it will be advisable not to stir forth， but rather to retreat， thus enticing the enemy in his turn； then， when part of his army has come out， we may deliver our attack with advantage.
隘形者，我先居之，必盈之以待敵。
With regard to narrow passes， if you can occupy them first， let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy.
若敵先居之，盈而勿從，不盈而從之。
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Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass， do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned， but only if it is weakly garrisoned.
險形者，我先居之，必居高陽以待敵；With regard to precipitous heights， if you are beforehand with your adversary， you should occupy the raised and sunny spots， and there wait for him to come up.
若敵先居之，引而去之，勿從也。
If the enemy has occupied them before you， do not follow him， but retreat and try to entice him away.
遠(yuǎn)形者，勢均難以挑戰(zhàn)，戰(zhàn)而不利。
If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy， and the strength of the two armies is equal， it is not easy to provoke a battle， and fighting will be to your disadvantage.
凡此六者，地之道也，將之至任，不可不察也。
These six are the principles connected with Earth. The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them.
凡兵有走者、有馳者、有陷者、有崩者、有亂者、有北者。凡此六者，非天地之災(zāi)，將之過也。
《經(jīng)典譯文之孫子兵法【九】》添加時間：2024-12-14；更新時間：2025-03-09
