中考英語作文:中考英語說明文寫作文指導(dǎo) <a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNifoRm.Html>蘇州初中語文補(bǔ)習(xí)</a>
體裁解讀
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說明文是一一種以說明為主要表達(dá)方式的文章類型,-般介紹事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、類別、關(guān)系、功能,解釋事物的原理、含義、特點(diǎn)、演變等。說明類文章注重條理清晰、中心突出,所以在寫作時(shí)要注重以下幾個(gè)方面:
<a hRef=http://www.zequeka.cn/miNiFoRm.html>蘇州中考語文培訓(xùn)</a>
1.說明順序。通常有時(shí)間順序、空間順序和邏輯順序三種。時(shí)間和空間順序是說明文常見的兩種說明順序,邏輯順序包括總分式、承接式和遞進(jìn)式三種。
2.說明方法。說明文講究客觀性,以客觀的角度說明事物或事理,在寫說明文時(shí),可以采取以下方法來增加文章的客觀性下定義、 打比方、作比較、舉例子、列數(shù)字等。3.時(shí)態(tài)。說明文主要用來說明事物或事理的特點(diǎn)等,因而其描述的通常是一般狀態(tài),所以說明文的寫作中常用一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
介紹說明類的作文,是種以說明為主要表達(dá)方式的文章體裁,大多圍繞個(gè)人的興趣愛好、生活方式、學(xué)習(xí)方法或物品物件等話題展開。說明文一般涉及過程和關(guān)系的闡述,通常對(duì)實(shí)體事物進(jìn)行解說,或?qū)Τ橄笫吕M(jìn)行闡釋。說明文一般具有邏輯清晰、 語言客觀簡(jiǎn)潔等特點(diǎn)。在最新的中小學(xué)生英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,初中階段(六至九年級(jí))的內(nèi)容與要求中所提到的基本素材涉及介紹說明的包括: cultures and customs(文化習(xí)俗),interests and hobbies(興趣愛好),science and technology(科學(xué)技術(shù)),subjects (學(xué)科),literature and art(文學(xué)與藝術(shù)),recreation and sports (娛樂與運(yùn)動(dòng))等。
在寫此類作文時(shí),首先要準(zhǔn)確把握說明的目的與對(duì)象。構(gòu)思時(shí),必須緊扣題目要求的主要對(duì)象和內(nèi)容。其次要提供足夠詳細(xì)的實(shí)例和細(xì)節(jié)材料,將問題說清楚。闡述的觀點(diǎn)和事例可按照邏輯順序、認(rèn)識(shí)順序成時(shí)間順序排列,做到內(nèi)容連貫,邏輯清晰。語言表達(dá)上,需要遵循準(zhǔn)確性、平實(shí)性和科學(xué)性等原則,盡量做到正確流暢,簡(jiǎn)潔明了,同時(shí)句式上盡量多樣多變,適當(dāng)加人從何和并列句,避免重復(fù)使用簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)句。在中考英語寫作中,還應(yīng)注意用間的恰當(dāng)性。有些同學(xué)往在生搬硬會(huì)了一些難度較高的大詞和短語,但若不后合文章內(nèi)容,便會(huì)顯得生硬,效果適得其反。
說明文分類點(diǎn)撥指導(dǎo)
Part1事物說明文。
寫法點(diǎn)撥
在事物說明文寫作過程中,我們可以通過以下三部分進(jìn)行:
1 給事物下定義。第部分是文章的開頭部分,寫作時(shí),應(yīng)向讀者展示出說明的主體,并給這個(gè)主體下一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而又清楚的定義。
2.服序展開說明。說明時(shí),愛遵備一定的說明順序,并要采用些說明方法, 如例子、打比方、作比較等,增加文章的邏輯性和條理性。
3回應(yīng)主題,總結(jié)事物。文章的最后,要對(duì)事物的整體特點(diǎn)做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的回顧,對(duì)主題進(jìn)行一定的回應(yīng)。
必備詞匯
表先后順序
First of all/at first/firstly首先
secondly/ then/next其次,然后,之后
in the end / finally/at last終于,最終,最后
last but not least最后但同樣重要的是
表示時(shí)間
now現(xiàn)在
then然后
afterwards以后;后來
five minutes later五分鐘后
before long不久之后
shortly after that之后不久
soon after supper晚飯后
to this day直到這天
just now剛才
just then在那時(shí)
表示遞進(jìn)
besides除此以外
what's more而且
in addition除此以外
even甚至
once more再來-次
what's worse更糟糕的是
人物說明
fat肥胖的
thin瘦的
slim苗條的
big大的
small小的
of medium build中等身材
strong強(qiáng)壯的
beautiful美麗的
pretty漂亮的
good-looking好看的
charming有魅力的
sweet甜蜜的
handsome英俊的
funny有趣的
ugly丑陋的
peculiar奇怪的
表示總結(jié)
in conclusion總之
in short/in a word總而言之
in general一般來說
generally speaking一般來說
as you know如你所知
finally/in the end最后
必備句型
給事物下定義
(1)Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中國(guó)的北部。
(2) The city is located/situated on the eastern coast of the United States.這座城市位于美國(guó)的東部海岸
(3) There is a backboard in font of the classroom.教室前面有一塊黑板。
(4) My mother is a kind and gentle woman.我媽媽是一個(gè)和藹溫柔的女人。
(5) He is the person who can always ell jokes.他是那種總是能說笑話的人。
順序展開說明
(1) The bridge is 20 meters long, 10 meters wide.這座橋20米長(zhǎng),10米寬。
(2) This is made of metal and plastic.這是由金屬和塑料制成的。
(3) It covers an area of7.6 million square kilometers.它有著760萬平方公里的面積。
(4) She is charming when she smiles.她微笑的時(shí)候很迷人。
(5) It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold mine.
這里自然資源豐富,比如說煤礦和金礦。
回應(yīng)主題, 總結(jié)事物
( 1 ) Whenever you are in trouble, she can help you.無論你什么時(shí)候陷入困難中,她都能幫助你。
(2 ) People from all over the world would like to visit it.全世界的人們都想要來參觀它。
(3) He is so warm-hearted that everyone admires him.他很熱心,所有人都很欽佩他。
(4) He is popular with the teenagers.他在青少年中很受歡迎。
(5) She is considered to be one of the greatest scientists in China.她被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。
事物說明文寫作示例指導(dǎo)
題目
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的提示要點(diǎn),寫一篇介紹長(zhǎng)城的小短文,詞數(shù)不得少于80詞。
要點(diǎn):
1. 長(zhǎng)城有著2000多年的歷史。
2.是世界上最長(zhǎng)的城墻,長(zhǎng)6000多公里。
3.建筑材料主要為石頭、磚頭,修建工作都是人工完成的。
4. 長(zhǎng)城現(xiàn)已成為名勝古跡,每年吸引了很多外國(guó)游客到長(zhǎng)城觀光旅游。
思路導(dǎo)航
第?步:例文審題
主體人稱:題目要求介紹長(zhǎng)城,故主體人稱應(yīng)為第三人稱"it" 。
主體時(shí)態(tài):由于文章要求介紹長(zhǎng)城的基本情況,故主體時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
寫作貼士:題目給出了4個(gè)要點(diǎn),寫作時(shí)要組合運(yùn)用,注意邏輯的連貫;注意文章詞數(shù)的寫作要求,不得少于80詞。
第?步:列提綱
(1 )整體介紹長(zhǎng)城的概況:
(2)詳細(xì)說明長(zhǎng)城的特點(diǎn);
(3)敘述長(zhǎng)城的地位。
第?步:參考詞句
(1) be known to; all over the world; history..
(2) more than; longest; be made of; stones; bricks; construction; machine;hundreds of;take part in...
(3) places of interest; attract; foreign...
第?步:連句成篇
The Great Wall
The Great Wall of China is known to people all over the world. It has a history of more than 2,000 years.
The Great Wall, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the longest wall in the world. It is made of stones and bricks and almost all the construction was done by hand without any machines. And it took hundreds of years to build it. What's more, millions of workers have taken part in the construction.
Today, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous places of interest in China and it attracts many foreign visitors every year.
參考譯文
長(zhǎng)城
中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城被世界人們所熟知。它有著2000多年的歷史。
長(zhǎng)城,有6000多公里長(zhǎng),是世界上最長(zhǎng)的城墻。它由石頭和磚頭組成,幾乎所有的建造工作都是由人工完成的,沒有依靠任何的機(jī)器。建造長(zhǎng)城花了幾百年的時(shí)間。還有就是,上百萬的工人參加了建造工作。
如今,長(zhǎng)城已經(jīng)成為了中國(guó)最著名的名勝古跡之一, 它每年都吸引著很多外國(guó)游客。
Part2 事理說明文
寫法點(diǎn)撥
在寫事理說明文的時(shí)候,我們可以就以下三部分來寫:
1.概述現(xiàn)象的整體情況。文章的第- 一部分應(yīng)提出現(xiàn)象,并向讀者展開描述現(xiàn)象的整體情況,為下文介紹"how"和"why" 做好鋪墊。
2.提出解決辦法并解釋原因。這是事理說明文最重要的一一部分。在這一一部分,先就現(xiàn)象有條理地列出可行的解決辦法,然后解釋之所以采取這些辦法的原因。
3.總結(jié)整理全文。在文章的末尾部分,對(duì)全文進(jìn)行一定的總結(jié), 可以對(duì)前面的解決辦法進(jìn)行總結(jié)以及評(píng)價(jià)。
必備詞匯
?表示結(jié)果
so所以
thus/therefore/as a result因此
seeing that鑒于;由于
luckily幸運(yùn)的是
unfortunately不幸的是
?表示解釋和說明
that is to say/namely也就是說
for example舉例子
actually實(shí)際上
such as比如說
believe it or not信不信由你
to tell you the truth說實(shí)話
according to this根據(jù)這個(gè)
for this reason為此
?表示對(duì)比、比較
according to this根據(jù)這個(gè)
for this reason為此
?表示對(duì)比、比較
just like就像
Just as正如
in the same way以同樣的方式
More or less或多或少
sooner or later遲早
on the contrary相反地
on the one hand在一方面
on the other hand在另一方面
?表示轉(zhuǎn)折
but但是
yet/and yet然而
however然而
although雖然;即使
otherwise否則
in spite of不管
?表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
Above all首先;最重要的是
indeed的確;確實(shí)
surely/certainly 肯定地;確實(shí)地
of course當(dāng)然
after all畢竟
without any delay毫不遲疑
at least至少
at most至多
必備句型
?概述現(xiàn)象的整體情況
(1) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒什么好感。
(2 ) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查,每年有4000 000人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病。
(3)There are fewer people watching films than before.現(xiàn)在看電影的人要比以前少了。
(4) Plants are very important living things.植物是非常重要的生物。
(5) In recent years, WeChat is becoming fashionable and popular, which has made a great difference in our daily lives.近年來,微信變得越來越流行和受歡迎,對(duì)我們的日常生活產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。
?提出解決辦法并解釋原因
(1) The school plays an important role in the society.學(xué)校在社會(huì)中扮演著重要角色。
(2) The reason is that it can help us learn more knowledge.
原因是它可以幫助我們學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。
(3) If you meet a foreigner, you' d better talk with him in English.
如果你遇到一個(gè)外國(guó)人,你與他交談時(shí)最好用英語。
(4) To get there, you can take No.5 Bus at the bus stop in front of our school.去那里,你可以在我們學(xué)校門前的公交站乘坐5路公共汽車。
(5) You will find the temple on your right side.你可以在你的右手邊找到那座寺廟。
?總結(jié)整理全文
(1 ) To save the animals means to save the earth. 保護(hù)動(dòng)物意味著保護(hù)地球。
(2) This medicine has a great effect on him.這種藥對(duì)他很有效。
(3) I am sure my dream will come true one day.我相信我的夢(mèng)想有一天可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
事理說明文寫作示例指導(dǎo)
題目
假定你叫李華,你的同學(xué)張力即將轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)去廣州?,F(xiàn)由你寫一封便函給你們的朋友Tom,約他聚會(huì)。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下:
(1)聚會(huì)時(shí)間:本周六下午3點(diǎn)15分:(2)聚會(huì)地點(diǎn)中山路225號(hào),張力家;
(3)按下圖所南路線告訴Tom怎樣去張力家。
注意:內(nèi)容包括說明部分和要點(diǎn),詞數(shù)不得少于80詞。
第一步:審題
主體人稱
題目要求寫一-封便函給Tom,故主體人稱
主體時(shí)態(tài)
由于題目里要求描述的是去張力家的路線
的描寫,故主體時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
寫作貼士
題目列出了三個(gè)要點(diǎn),寫作時(shí)要涵蓋要點(diǎn)
給出了一幅路線圖,寫作時(shí)要注意看清圖
題目要求寫一封便函給Tom,故主體人稱應(yīng)為第二人稱"you""
由于題目里要求描述的是去張力家的路線,路線是固定的,屬于-般狀態(tài)
的描寫,故主體時(shí)態(tài)用一-般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
題目列出了三個(gè)要點(diǎn),寫作時(shí)要涵蓋要點(diǎn),注意語句通順連貫。題目中還
給出了一幅路線圖,寫作時(shí)要注意看清圖后再進(jìn)行描寫。
:
第二步:列提綱
(1)列出事情原因;
(2)對(duì)去張力家的路線展開描述;
(3)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
第三步:參考詞句
(1 ) leave for; get-together...
(2) difficult; on the left; crossing; across the street; turn right; opposite.
(3) look forward to; see..
第四步:連句成篇
Dear Tom,
Our friend Zhang Li will leave for Guangzhou to study. So we are going to have a get-together at 3:15 this Saturday afternoon.
He lives at No. 225 Zhongshan Street. It is not very difficult to find your way to his home. Take Bus No.2, the stop of which is on the left of your school, and get off at the second crossing. There is a cinema across the street. Turn right at the corer, and you will find Zhongshan Street. Zhang L's home is 200 meters down the street on the right. There is a post office opposite to Zhang Li's home.
Look forward to seeing you.
Yours,
LiHua
參考譯文
親愛的Tom:
我們的朋友張力將要去廣州學(xué)習(xí)了。所以我們準(zhǔn)備在本周六下午3點(diǎn)15分舉辦一個(gè)聚會(huì)。
他住在中山路225號(hào)。到他家的路并不是十分難找。乘坐2路公交車,車站在你學(xué)校的左邊,然后在第二個(gè)十字路口下車。街對(duì)面有一一個(gè)電影院。 在拐角處右轉(zhuǎn),你就可以找到中山路。張力的家就在這條街往前200米的右邊。張力家的對(duì)面有一個(gè)郵局。
期待見到你。
你的,
李華
相關(guān)話題滿分作文必背
(一)
A new way to reduce overeating
Big bowls may lead to big bellies. After examining dozens of studies, researchers from the University of Cambridge have found external(外部的) factors can play a role in how much food a person eats. There is a simple and easy way to help people stop overeating.
It is supposed that overweight people have no control over what they do, and that they just overeat. However, after doing 61 studies on 6,711 participants, researchers found that reducing the size of portions(飯菜的一份) , packages and tableware(餐具) in a person's diet could cut 22 to 29 percent of their daily calories(卡路里)。
A Chinese buffet(自助餐)owner who replaced his 11-inch plates with 9-inch plates found customers took less food, ate less, wasted less and cost the restaurant less. After the size of plates was reduced,customers rated(評(píng)價(jià)) the food as better value even though there was less food on their plates.
This study clearly shows that reducing portion size is a successful way to cut calories. Since more and more people are becoming overweight, it's important to keep an eye on portion size when you cook, shop and eat to avoid overeating and help maintain(維持) a healthy weight.
點(diǎn)評(píng):
在本文中,作者非常明確地告訴了我們減少過度飲食、解決肥胖問題的一個(gè)有效方法,即通過縮小餐具、包裝盒的尺寸來減少食物的攝人量。為了使該論點(diǎn)更具說服力,作者引用了研究數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)際案例來支撐自己的結(jié)論。本文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,邏輯性強(qiáng),語言客觀準(zhǔn)確,十分符合說明文的特點(diǎn)。
(二)
The truth of tooth care
The healthier your teeth are. the happier you look. That's why it's important to take great care of teeth. A few tips on that will be offered here to help you have healthy teeth for life.
One is to brush your teeth at least twice a day, more often if possible. Brushing with a soft bristled toothbrush (軟毛牙刷)and fluoride (含氟的)toothpaste after every meal and after eating any sweet snack is the best way to guard or protect against tooth decay(蛀牙). It is important to clean the front, back and top surfaces of all your teeth. Brushing your tongue to remove food particles and bacteria is also a good idea.
Another step you can take to protect your teeth is flossing(用牙線). Floss is @a thin thread that can slide between teeth to remove food and bacteria that your toothbrush can't reach.
You can also take care of your teeth by watching what you eat.Eating foods that are high in sugar can lead to tooth decay. That's because bacteria that cause tooth decay love sugar. You can replace sugary snacks with fruits and vegetables, 6which are good for your body as well as your teeth.
Finally, it is important to visit your dentist regularly. The dentist can give your teeth a good cleaning, check for and fix cavities (牙洞),and teach you the right ways to brush and floss.
Having healthy teeth will always give you something to smile about.
點(diǎn)評(píng):
這篇習(xí)作的成功之處在于,針對(duì)每條建議都給予了詳細(xì)充實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)支撐。例如,針對(duì)刷牙,作者給出了每天的刷牙頻率、牙膏牙刷的選擇以及刷牙方式等方面的具體建議。
《中考英語作文:中考英語說明文寫作文指導(dǎo)》添加時(shí)間:2025-01-09;更新時(shí)間:2025-03-15