名著譯文之《論語》:第十五章 衛(wèi)靈公篇(33)
子曰:“知及之,仁不能守之;雖得之,必失之。知及之,仁能守之。不莊以蒞之,則民不敬。知及之,仁能守之,莊以蒞之。動之不以禮,未善也?!?
The Master said, “When a man“s knowledge is sufficient to attain, and his virtue is not sufficient to enable him to hold, whatever he may have gained, he will lose again. When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough to hold fast, if he cannot govern with dignity, the people will not respect him. When his knowledge is sufficient to attain, and he has virtue enough to hold fast; when he governs also with dignity, yet if he try to move the people contrary to the rules of propriety - full excellence is not reached.”
【原文】
子曰:“知及之①,仁不能守之;雖得之,必失之。知及之,仁能守之,不莊以蒞之②,則民不敬。知及之,仁能守之,莊以蒞之,動之不以禮③,未善也④?!? <a hrEf=http://www.zequeka.cn/MinifOrm.html>蘇州閱讀寫作培訓(xùn)班</a>
【今譯】
孔子說:“靠聰明才智得到了官位,不能用仁德守住它,雖然得到了,也一定會丟失它??柯斆鞑胖堑玫搅耍材苡萌实率刈∷?,但不用莊重嚴肅態(tài)度來治理百姓,百姓也不會敬服。依靠聰明才智得到了,也能用仁德守住它,又能用莊重嚴肅態(tài)度去治理百姓,但不能用禮儀來教育,那也還不夠完善。”
【注釋】
①知:同“智”。
②莊:莊重。蒞(li):到,臨。這里指從事治理百姓的工作。
③動之:教育百姓。動:動員,教化。之:代指百姓。
④善:完善。
【評點】
此章孔子在講為政之道,特意拎出知、仁、莊、禮四個字,認為這些是臨國蒞民(治理國家,管理百姓)的必要條件。全章三句話,卻是三個層次,給人以層層遞進的感覺。
從政治上看,孔子強調(diào)愛民、使民以時、使民以禮,是為了緩和統(tǒng)治者與人民大眾的矛盾;而從政治倫理出發(fā),則是承認和確認老百姓人格尊嚴,要求為政者也要尊重老百姓的人格。應(yīng)當說,孔子對為政者的這點政治期望是不為過的,對為政者要求是最起碼的。以現(xiàn)代眼光視之,這點同樣適用于當今的為政者。
《名著譯文:《論語》中英文版之衛(wèi)靈公篇30》添加時間:2024-12-14;更新時間:2025-03-09